Reliability of heart rate maximizer test using jumping jack in assessing cardiovascular fitness
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Published:
Sep 3, 2016
Keywords:
Heart rate maximizer test heart rate recovery rating of perceived exertion systolic blood pressure
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of a heart rate maximizer test using jumping jack to evaluate cardiovascular fitness in young adults.
Materials and methods: Twenty healthy young adults (mean age 21.20±0.95 years) underwent two minutes of the heart rate maximizer test, followed by 10 minutes of seated rest on two occasions separated by seven days. Variables included resting heart rate (HRrest), peak heart rate (HRpeak), heart rate after testing at 1st and 2nd minute, heart rate recovery at 1st and 2nd minute (HRR1 and HRR2), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and rating of perceived
exertion (RPE) were evaluated. Reliability of the test was analyzed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurements (SEMs) and coefficient of variation (CV).
Results: All HR variables were excellent reliable (ICC = 0.90-0.98; SEMs = 1.14%-7.89%) as well as SBP variables (ICC = 0.90-0.91; SEMs = 2.87%-3.70%) with less than 15% of CV except HRR1 (CV = 29.8%). RPE measurements were slightly less reliable (ICC = 0.62-0.75; SEMs = 3.13%-7.42%; CV = 5.1%-14.8%) than HR and SBP measurements. Therefore, both HR and SBP variables can be reliably applied in the heart rate maximizer test.
Conclusion: Heart rate maximizer test using jumping jack showed high reliability and it could be useful for accessing cardiovascular fitness in healthy young adults.
Bull Chiang Mai Assoc Med Sci 2016; 49(2): 344-354. Doi: 10.14456/jams.2016.34
Article Details
How to Cite
Boontha, K., Pirunsan, U., Khamwong, P., & Pratanaphon, S. (2016). Reliability of heart rate maximizer test using jumping jack in assessing cardiovascular fitness. Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, 49(3), 344. Retrieved from https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/bulletinAMS/article/view/69064
Section
Research Articles
Personal views expressed by the contributors in their articles are not necessarily those of the Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University.
References
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11. Coquart J, Garcin M, Parfitt G, Tourny-Chollet C, Eston R. Prediction of maximal or peak oxygen uptake from ratings of perceived exertion. Sports Med 2014; 44(5): 563-78. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0139-5
12. Arcuri JF, Borghi-Silva A, Labadessa IG, Sentanin AC, Candolo C, Di Lorenzo VAP. Validity and reliability of the 6-minute step test in healthy individuals: a cross-sectional study. Clin J Sport Med 2016; 26(1): 69-75. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000190
13. Laskin JJ, Bundy S, Marron H, Moore H, Swanson M, Blair M, et al. Using a treadmill for the 6-minute walk test: reliability and validity. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2007; 27(6): 407-10. doi: 10.1097/01.HCR.0000300270.45881.d0
14. Lemmink KAPM, Visscher C, Lambert MI, Lamberts RP. The interval shuttle run test for intermittent sport players: evaluation of reliability. J Strength Cond Res 2004; 18(4): 821-7. doi: 10.1519/13993.1
15. Cole CR, Blackstone EH, Pashkow FJ, Snader CE, Lauer MS. Heart rate recovery immediately after exercise as a predictor of mortality. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(18): 1351-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199910283411804
16. Cole CR, Foody JM, Blackstone EH, Lauer MS. Heart rate recovery after submaximal exercise testing as a predictor of mortality in a cardiovascularly healthy cohort. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132(7): 552-5. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-132-7-200004040-00007
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18. Mann TN, Webster C, Lamberts RP, Lambert MI. Effect of exercise intensity on post-exercise oxygen consumption and heart rate recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114(9): 1809-20. doi: 10.1007/s00421-014-2907-9
19. Cataldo A, Cerasola D, Zangla D, Russo G, Sahin FN, Traina M. Assessment of autonomic function as marker of training status: the role of heart rate recovery after exercise. Eur J Sport Sci 2014; 2(1): 89-97. doi: 10.12863/ejssbx2x1-2014x3
20. Shetler K, Marcus R, Froelicher VF, Vora S, Kalisetti D, Prakash M, et al. Heart rate recovery: validation and methodologic issues. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38(7): 1980-7. doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01652-7
21. Peçanha T, Silva-Júnior ND, Forjaz CLdM. Heart rate recovery: autonomic determinants, methods of assessment and association with mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2014; 34(5): 327-39. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12102
22. Lamberts RP, Maskell S, Borresen J, Lambert MI. Adapting workload improves the measurement of heart rate recovery. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32(09): 698-702. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1275357
23. Itoh H, Ajisaka R, Koike A, Makita S, Omiya K, Kato Y, et al. Heart rate and blood pressure response to ramp exercise and exercise capacity in relation to age, gender, and mode of exercise in a healthy population. J Cardiol 2013; 61(1): 71-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.09.010
24. Maeder M, Ammann P, Rickli H, Brunner-La Rocca H. Impact of the exercise mode on heart rate recovery after maximal exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 105(2): 247-55. doi: 10.1007/s00421-008-0896-2
25. Wikipedia tfe. P90x: Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia; 2016 [updated 2016 May 28; cited 2016 June 14]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P90X.
26. Team Beachbody. The fit test (Excerpted from the P90X fitness guide) [cited 2016 June 14]. Available from: https://www.beachbody.com/text/products/programs/p90x/p90xFitTest.pdf.
27. Boontha K, Pirunsan U, Khamwong P. Cardiovascular response and energy expenditure of a novel heart rate maximizer test in healthy volunteers. Bull Chiang Mai Assoc Med Sci 2016; 49(2): 263-75. doi:
28. Loe H, Steinshamn S, Wisløff U. Cardio-respiratory reference data in 4631 healthy men and women 20-90 years: the HUNT 3 fitness study. PLoS ONE 2014; 9(11): e113884. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113884
29. Wheatley CM, Snyder EM, Johnson BD, Olson TP. Sex differences in cardiovascular function during submaximal exercise in humans. SpringerPlus 2014; 3(1): 445. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-445
30. Loe H, Rognmo Ø, Saltin B, Wisløff U. Aerobic capacity reference data in 3816 healthy men and women 20–90 years. PLoS ONE 2013; 8(5): e64319. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064319
31. Dai H, Charnigo R, Vyhlidal CA, Jones BL, Bhandary M. Mixed modeling and sample size calculations for identifying housekeeping genes. Stat Med 2013; 32(18): 3115-25. doi: 10.1002/sim.5768
32. Riebe D, Franklin BA, Thompson PD, Garber CE, Whitfield GP, Magal M, et al. Updating ACSM’s recommendations for exercise preparticipation health screening. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47(11): 2473-9. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000664
33. Thompson PD, Arena R, Riebe D, Pescatello LS. ACSM’s new preparticipation health screening recommendations from ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Curr Sports Med Rep 2013; 12(4): 215-7. doi: 00149619-201307000-00004
34. Huang PH, Leu HB, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Heart rate recovery after exercise and endothelial function—two important factors to predict cardiovascular events. Prev cardiol 2005; 8(3): 167-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1520-037X.2005.3847.x
35. Robergs RA, Landwehr R. The surprising history of the “HRmax= 220-age” equation. J Exerc Physiol 2002; 5(2): 1-10. doi:
36. Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1982; 14(5): 377-81. doi:
37. Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River; 2000.
38. Bosquet L, Gamelin F, Berthoin S. Reliability of postexercise heart rate recovery. Int J Sports Med 2008; 29(3): 238-43. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-965162
39. Dupuy O, Mekary S, Berryman N, Bherer L, Audiffren M, Bosquet L. Reliability of heart rate measures used to assess post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2012; 32(4): 296-304. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2012.01125.x
40. Jouven X, Empana J-P, Schwartz PJ, Desnos M, Courbon D, Ducimetière P. Heart-rate profile during exercise as a predictor of sudden death. N Engl J Med 2005; 352(19): 1951-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043012
41. Al Haddad H, Laursen P, Chollet D, Ahmaidi S, Buchheit M. Reliability of resting and postexercise heart rate measures. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32(8): 598-605. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1275356
42. Daanen HA, Lamberts RP, Kallen VL, Jin A, Van Meeteren NL. A systematic review on heart-rate recovery to monitor changes in training status in athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2012; 7(3): 251-60. doi:
43. Laukkanen JA, Kurl S. Blood pressure responses during exercise testing—is up best for prognosis? Ann Med 2012; 44(3): 218-24. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2011.560180
44. Lim W, Faulkner J, Lambrick D, Stoner L. Reliability of oscillometric central blood pressure responses to submaximal exercise. J Hypertens 2016; 34(6): 1084-90. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000899
2. Barry VW, Baruth M, Beets MW, Durstine JL, Liu J, Blair SN. Fitness vs. fatness on all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 56(4): 382-90. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.002
3. Martin B-J, Arena R, Haykowsky M, Hauer T, Austford LD, Knudtson M, et al. Cardiovascular fitness and mortality after contemporary cardiac rehabilitation. Mayo Clin Proc 2013; 88(5): 455-63. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.02.013
4. American College of Sports Medicine. Health appraisal and risk assessment. In: Pescatello LS, Arena R, Riebe D, Thompson PD, editors. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Benefits and risks associated with physical activity and preparticipation health screening. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013. p. 1-38.
5. Lauer M, Froelicher ES, Williams M, Kligfield P. Exercise testing in asymptomatic adults a statement for professionals from the American Heart Association Council on clinical cardiology, subcommittee on exercise, cardiac rehabilitation, and prevention. Circulation 2005; 112(5): 771-6. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.166543
6. Bronner S, Rakov S. An accelerated step test to assess dancer pre-season aerobic fitness. J Dance Med Sci 2014; 18(1): 12-21. doi: 10.12678/1089-313X.18.1.12
7. Lambrick D, Faulkner J, Rowlands A, Eston R. Prediction of maximal oxygen uptake from submaximal ratings of perceived exertion and heart rate during a continuous exercise test: The efficacy of RPE 13. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 107(1): 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1093-7
8. Fairbarn MS, Blackie SP, McElvaney NG, Wiggs BR, Pare PD, Pardy RL. Prediction of heart rate and oxygen uptake during incremental and maximal exercise in healthy adults. Chest 1994; 105(5): 1365-9. doi: 10.1378/chest.105.5.1365
9. Coolbaugh CL, Anderson IB, Wilson MD, Hawkins DA, Amsterdam EA. Evaluation of an exercise field test using heart rate monitors to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery in an asymptomatic population. PLoS ONE 2014; 9(5): e97704. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097704
10. Eston RG. Perceived exertion: Recent advances and novel applications in children and adults. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2009; 7(2, Supplement): S11-S7. doi: 10.1016/S1728-869X(09)60018-6
11. Coquart J, Garcin M, Parfitt G, Tourny-Chollet C, Eston R. Prediction of maximal or peak oxygen uptake from ratings of perceived exertion. Sports Med 2014; 44(5): 563-78. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0139-5
12. Arcuri JF, Borghi-Silva A, Labadessa IG, Sentanin AC, Candolo C, Di Lorenzo VAP. Validity and reliability of the 6-minute step test in healthy individuals: a cross-sectional study. Clin J Sport Med 2016; 26(1): 69-75. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000190
13. Laskin JJ, Bundy S, Marron H, Moore H, Swanson M, Blair M, et al. Using a treadmill for the 6-minute walk test: reliability and validity. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2007; 27(6): 407-10. doi: 10.1097/01.HCR.0000300270.45881.d0
14. Lemmink KAPM, Visscher C, Lambert MI, Lamberts RP. The interval shuttle run test for intermittent sport players: evaluation of reliability. J Strength Cond Res 2004; 18(4): 821-7. doi: 10.1519/13993.1
15. Cole CR, Blackstone EH, Pashkow FJ, Snader CE, Lauer MS. Heart rate recovery immediately after exercise as a predictor of mortality. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(18): 1351-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199910283411804
16. Cole CR, Foody JM, Blackstone EH, Lauer MS. Heart rate recovery after submaximal exercise testing as a predictor of mortality in a cardiovascularly healthy cohort. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132(7): 552-5. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-132-7-200004040-00007
17. Lahiri MK, Kannankeril PJ, Goldberger JJ. Assessment of autonomic function in cardiovascular disease: physiological basis and prognostic implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51(18): 1725-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.038.
18. Mann TN, Webster C, Lamberts RP, Lambert MI. Effect of exercise intensity on post-exercise oxygen consumption and heart rate recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114(9): 1809-20. doi: 10.1007/s00421-014-2907-9
19. Cataldo A, Cerasola D, Zangla D, Russo G, Sahin FN, Traina M. Assessment of autonomic function as marker of training status: the role of heart rate recovery after exercise. Eur J Sport Sci 2014; 2(1): 89-97. doi: 10.12863/ejssbx2x1-2014x3
20. Shetler K, Marcus R, Froelicher VF, Vora S, Kalisetti D, Prakash M, et al. Heart rate recovery: validation and methodologic issues. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38(7): 1980-7. doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01652-7
21. Peçanha T, Silva-Júnior ND, Forjaz CLdM. Heart rate recovery: autonomic determinants, methods of assessment and association with mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2014; 34(5): 327-39. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12102
22. Lamberts RP, Maskell S, Borresen J, Lambert MI. Adapting workload improves the measurement of heart rate recovery. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32(09): 698-702. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1275357
23. Itoh H, Ajisaka R, Koike A, Makita S, Omiya K, Kato Y, et al. Heart rate and blood pressure response to ramp exercise and exercise capacity in relation to age, gender, and mode of exercise in a healthy population. J Cardiol 2013; 61(1): 71-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.09.010
24. Maeder M, Ammann P, Rickli H, Brunner-La Rocca H. Impact of the exercise mode on heart rate recovery after maximal exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 105(2): 247-55. doi: 10.1007/s00421-008-0896-2
25. Wikipedia tfe. P90x: Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia; 2016 [updated 2016 May 28; cited 2016 June 14]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P90X.
26. Team Beachbody. The fit test (Excerpted from the P90X fitness guide) [cited 2016 June 14]. Available from: https://www.beachbody.com/text/products/programs/p90x/p90xFitTest.pdf.
27. Boontha K, Pirunsan U, Khamwong P. Cardiovascular response and energy expenditure of a novel heart rate maximizer test in healthy volunteers. Bull Chiang Mai Assoc Med Sci 2016; 49(2): 263-75. doi:
28. Loe H, Steinshamn S, Wisløff U. Cardio-respiratory reference data in 4631 healthy men and women 20-90 years: the HUNT 3 fitness study. PLoS ONE 2014; 9(11): e113884. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113884
29. Wheatley CM, Snyder EM, Johnson BD, Olson TP. Sex differences in cardiovascular function during submaximal exercise in humans. SpringerPlus 2014; 3(1): 445. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-445
30. Loe H, Rognmo Ø, Saltin B, Wisløff U. Aerobic capacity reference data in 3816 healthy men and women 20–90 years. PLoS ONE 2013; 8(5): e64319. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064319
31. Dai H, Charnigo R, Vyhlidal CA, Jones BL, Bhandary M. Mixed modeling and sample size calculations for identifying housekeeping genes. Stat Med 2013; 32(18): 3115-25. doi: 10.1002/sim.5768
32. Riebe D, Franklin BA, Thompson PD, Garber CE, Whitfield GP, Magal M, et al. Updating ACSM’s recommendations for exercise preparticipation health screening. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47(11): 2473-9. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000664
33. Thompson PD, Arena R, Riebe D, Pescatello LS. ACSM’s new preparticipation health screening recommendations from ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Curr Sports Med Rep 2013; 12(4): 215-7. doi: 00149619-201307000-00004
34. Huang PH, Leu HB, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Heart rate recovery after exercise and endothelial function—two important factors to predict cardiovascular events. Prev cardiol 2005; 8(3): 167-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1520-037X.2005.3847.x
35. Robergs RA, Landwehr R. The surprising history of the “HRmax= 220-age” equation. J Exerc Physiol 2002; 5(2): 1-10. doi:
36. Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1982; 14(5): 377-81. doi:
37. Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River; 2000.
38. Bosquet L, Gamelin F, Berthoin S. Reliability of postexercise heart rate recovery. Int J Sports Med 2008; 29(3): 238-43. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-965162
39. Dupuy O, Mekary S, Berryman N, Bherer L, Audiffren M, Bosquet L. Reliability of heart rate measures used to assess post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2012; 32(4): 296-304. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2012.01125.x
40. Jouven X, Empana J-P, Schwartz PJ, Desnos M, Courbon D, Ducimetière P. Heart-rate profile during exercise as a predictor of sudden death. N Engl J Med 2005; 352(19): 1951-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043012
41. Al Haddad H, Laursen P, Chollet D, Ahmaidi S, Buchheit M. Reliability of resting and postexercise heart rate measures. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32(8): 598-605. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1275356
42. Daanen HA, Lamberts RP, Kallen VL, Jin A, Van Meeteren NL. A systematic review on heart-rate recovery to monitor changes in training status in athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2012; 7(3): 251-60. doi:
43. Laukkanen JA, Kurl S. Blood pressure responses during exercise testing—is up best for prognosis? Ann Med 2012; 44(3): 218-24. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2011.560180
44. Lim W, Faulkner J, Lambrick D, Stoner L. Reliability of oscillometric central blood pressure responses to submaximal exercise. J Hypertens 2016; 34(6): 1084-90. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000899