Preparation of crude red kidney bean extract for growth stimulation and cell division of peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Abstract

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is a lectin extracted from red kidney bean (Phaseolus valgaris Linn). It has been widely used as mitogen for lymphocyte culture and chromosome study. However, commercial PHA is expensive. This study aimed to prepare crude red kidney bean extract and study its effect on cell growth and cell division (mitosis) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at the different concentrations ranking from 0 to 100 μg/mL using MTT assay and conventional chromosome culture and karyotyping, respectively. The results showed that crude red kidney bean extract was able to stimulate growth of PBMCs in a dose and time dependent manner. Moreover, the crude extract at 25 μg/mL demonstrated the maximal stimulation on cell growth. Nevertheless, crude extract at high concentrations (50 and 100 μg/mL) were likely to decrease rate of cell growth and proliferation. In addition, crude red kidney bean extract induce cell division was detected in various concentrations (5-25 μg/mL). The highest number of metaphase cell was found when stimulate with 25 μg/mL of crude red kidney bean extract. In summary, crude red kidney bean extract demonstratd an excellent stimulation on cell growth and cell division of PBMCs. It can be used for chromosome culture and karyotyping. However, the further investigation of the crude red kidney bean extract’s properties should be perform to develop its quality and apply for laboratory used in the future.