Inhibitory effects of crude ethanolic leave extract from Moringa oleifera Lam. on Wilms’ tumor 1 protein expression in K562 leukemic cell line
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Natural products have been studied for an alternative leukemia treatment. The Moringa oleifera Lam. has been reported to mediate chemo-preventive effects by enhancing antioxidant status. However, cytotoxicity of Moringa oleifera Lam. extract has not been reported yet in leukemic cell lines.
Objective: To study anti-leukemic properties of Moringa oleifera Lam. leave extract in K562 cell line.
Materials and methods: Cytotoxicity of crude Moringa oleifera Lam. leave extract was determined by MTT assay. The WT1 protein level were examined by Western blot analysis. All data was analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA.
Results: Crude ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves exhibited distinctly cytotoxic effect on K562 cells with IC50 of 220±22 μg/mL and non-cytotoxic dose (IC20) of 55±5 μg/mL. Result also showed that WT1 protein level after treated with crude ethanolic Moringa oleifera Lam. leave extract, in various incubation time (24, 48, and 72 hours), were decreased by 21, 37, and 61% respectively. In addition, at 48 hours of incubation with various concentrations (45, 55, and 65 μg/mL) WT1 protein reduced by 32, 48, and 68% respectively. However, crude Moringa oleifera Lam. leave extract at IC20 clearly showed that it did not affect cell morphology. Importantly, crude ethanolic Moringa oleifera leave extract did not affect PBMCs (576.9 μg/mL).
Conclusion: Crude ethanolic Moringa oleifera Lam. leave extract could inhibit cell proliferation and reduce WT1 protein level in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Therefore, it can be concluded that crude Moringa oleifera Lam. Leave extract involved in down-regulation of translational process of WT1 protein expression in K562 cells. These results indicated that Moringa oleifera Lam. leave extract could be a promising plant that should be further on studied as an alternative choice for leukemia treatment.
Bull Chiang Mai Assoc Med Sci 2016; 49(1): 53-64. Doi: 10.14456/jams.2016.11
Article Details
Personal views expressed by the contributors in their articles are not necessarily those of the Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University.
References
2. Jung IL. Soluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves with a new anticancer activity. PLoS One 2014; 9(4): e95492.
3. Abdellatef E, Daffalla HM, Nassrallah AA, Aboul-Enein KM, El-Shemy HA. Antiproliferative Action of Moringa oleifera Lam. Root Extract in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cell line. Journal of Experimental Sciences 2010; 1(8): 27-8.
4. Pamok S, Saephet S, Viniketkumnuen U, Saenphet K. Antiproliferative effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. and Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk extracts on the colon cancer cells Journal of Medicinal plantd Research 2012; 6(1): 139-45.
5. Vongsak B, Sithisarn P, Gritsanapan W. Simultaneous HPLC quantitative analysis of active compounds in leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 52(7): 641-5.
6. Cho AS, Jeon SM, Kim MJ, Yeo J, Seo KI, Choi MS, et al. Chlorogenic acid exhibits anti-obesity property and improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced-obese mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48(3): 937-43.
7. Nakatani N, Kayano S, Kikuzaki H, Sumino K, Katagiri K, Mitani T. Identification, quantitative determination, and antioxidative activities of chlorogenic acid isomers in prune (Prunus domestica L.). J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48(11): 5512-6.
8. Rodriguez de Sotillo DV, Hadley M. Chlorogenic acid modifies plasma and liver concentrations of: cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and minerals in (fa/fa) Zucker rats. J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13(12): 717-26.
9. Zhang X, Huang H, Yang T, Ye Y, Shan J, Yin Z, et al. Chlorogenic acid protects mice against lipopolysaccharideinduced acute lung injury. Injury 2010; 41(7): 746-52.
10. Kotani M, Matsumoto M, Fujita A, Higa S, Wang W, Suemura M, et al. Persimmon leaf extract and astragalin inhibit development of dermatitis and IgE elevation in NC/Nga mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106(1 Pt 1): 159-66.
11. Soromou LW, Chen N, Jiang L, Huo M, Wei M, Chu X, et al. Astragalin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses by down-regulating NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419(2): 256-61.
12. Inoue K, Sugiyama H, Ogawa H, Nakagawa M, Yamagami T, Miwa H, et al. WT1 as a new prognostic factor and a new marker for the detection of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia. Blood 1994; 84(9): 3071-9.
13. Bergmann L, Maurer U, Weidmann E. Wilms tumor gene expression in acute myeloid leukemias. Leuk Lymphoma 1997; 25(5-6): 435-43.
14. Menssen HD, Renkl HJ, Entezami M, Thiel E. Wilms’ tumor gene expression in human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors during fetal development and early clonogenic growth. Blood 1997; 89(9): 3486-7.
15. Yamagami T, Ogawa H, Tamaki H, Oji Y, Soma T, Oka Y, et al. Suppression of Wilms’ tumor gene (WT1) expression induces G2/M arrest in leukemic cells. Leuk Res 1998; 22(4): 383-4.
16. Inoue K, Ogawa H, Sonoda Y, Kimura T, Sakabe H, Oka Y, et al. Aberrant overexpression of the Wilms tumor gene (WT1) in human leukemia. Blood 1997; 89(4): 1405-12.
17. Baird PN, Simmons PJ. Expression of the Wilms’ tumor gene (WT1) in normal hemopoiesis. Exp Hematol 1997; 25(4): 312-20.
18. Maurer U, Brieger J, Weidmann E, Mitrou PS, Hoelzer D, Bergmann L. The Wilms’ tumor gene is expressed in a subset of CD34+ progenitors and downregulated early in the course of differentiation in vitro. Exp Hematol 1997; 25(9): 945-50.
19. Sugiyama H. Wilms’ tumor gene WT1: its oncogenic function and clinical application. Int J Hematol 2001; 73(2): 177-87.
20. Menke AL, van der Eb AJ, Jochemsen AG. The Wilms’ tumor 1 gene: oncogene or tumor suppressor gene? Int Rev Cytol 1998; 181: 151-212.
21. Menssen HD, Renkl HJ, Rodeck U, Maurer J, Notter M, Schwartz S, et al. Presence of Wilms’ tumor gene (wt1) transcripts and the WT1 nuclear protein in the majority of human acute leukemias. Leukemia 1995; 9(6): 1060-7.
22. Anuchapreeda S, Tima S, Duangrat C, Limtrakul P. Effect of pure curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin on WT1 gene expression in leukemic cell lines. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 62(4): 585-94.
23. Singkome Tima. Effect of Turmeric Curcuminoid on Wilms’Tumor1 (WT1) gene and WT1 protein expression in Leukemic cellines. [Thesis]. Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences: Chiang Mai University; 2006. (in Thai)
24. Semsri S, Krig SR, Kotelawala L, Sweeney CA, Anuchapreeda S. Inhibitory mechanism of pure curcumin on Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) gene expression through the PKCalpha signaling pathway in leukemic K562 cells. FEBS Lett 2011; 585(14): 2235-42.
25. Yu HZ, Li YH, Wang RX, Zhou X, Yu MM, Ge Y, et al. Cytotoxicity of lidocaine to human corneal endothelial cells in vitro. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 114(4): 352-9.
26. Sreelatha S, Jeyachitra A, Padma PR. Antiproliferation and induction of apoptosis by Moringa oleifera leaf extract on human cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49(6): 1270-5.
27. Anwar F, Latif S, Ashraf M, Gilani AH. Moringa oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytother Res 2007; 21(1): 17-25.
28. Murakami A, Kitazono Y, Jiwajinda S, Koshimizu K, Ohigashi H. Niaziminin, a thiocarbamate from the leaves of Moringa oleifera, holds a strict structural requirement for inhibition of tumor-promoter-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation. Planta Med 1998; 64(4): 319-23.
29. Semsri S, Kaewoudorn N, Jaipukdee N, Chorachan N, Horata N. Effect of crude ethanolic extract of Ratchadat (Brucea amarissima) fruit on cell cytotoxicity and Wilms’ tumor 1 protein expression in K562 leukemic cell line. Bull Chiang Mai Assoc Med Sci 2014; 47(1): 45-52.