Screening algorithms for detecting dysphagia: A validation study of Thai EAT-10 combined with the 3-Ounce Water Swallow Test

Main Article Content

Pilaiwan Kongma
Narumanas Korwanich
Hanpon Klibngern
Natchaiyant Tavisak
Makoto Inoue
Kanyarat Korwanich

Abstract

Background: Dysphagia assessment using standard tools is not commonly performed in Thailand because it relies on equipment and experts to evaluate. This study was conducted by combining the Thai EAT-10 and the 3-ounce water swallow test, an easy-to-use tool for dysphagia screening. Therefore, it is crucial to study the accuracy and appropriateness before being widely used in the Thai population.


Objectives: To evaluate the validity of the combined Thai Eating Assessment Tool 10 (Thai EAT-10) and the 3-ounce Water Swallow Test (WST) screening algorithm for detecting dysphagia compared to diagnosis by an otolaryngologist.


Materials and methods: Analytical Cross-sectional study: sample of 260 adults (aged 20 years old or older) demographic data and past medical history were assessed using a questionnaire. The accuracy of dysphagia screening tests that combine Thai EAT-10 and the 3-ounce water swallow test with pulse oximetry was compared to the clinical swallow test assessed by an otolaryngologist. The sensitivity and specificity of the swallowing screening test for detecting dysphagia were evaluated.


Results: Thai EAT-10 combined with the 3-ounce Water Swallow Test has higher validity and accuracy for dysphagia evaluation than those of the Thai EAT-10 or the 3-ounce Water Swallow Test alone. There was 100% sensitivity, 93.4% specificity, 68.1% positive predictive value (PPV), and 100% negative predictive value (NPV).


Conclusion: The Thai EAT-10 combined with the 3-ounce water swallow test and pulse oximetry has higher reliability and validity than those of the Thai EAT-10 and the 3-ounce water swallow test alone. The reliability and validity of the combined test is closed to the gold standard. Furthermore, the algorithm is appropriate for screening dysphagia in remote areas with a large population.

Article Details

How to Cite
Kongma, P., Korwanich, N., Klibngern, H., Tavisak, N., Inoue, M., & Korwanich, K. (2023). Screening algorithms for detecting dysphagia: A validation study of Thai EAT-10 combined with the 3-Ounce Water Swallow Test. Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, 56(2), 99–105. Retrieved from https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/bulletinAMS/article/view/259636
Section
Research Articles
Author Biographies

Pilaiwan Kongma, Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.

Dentist in Wiang-kaen Hospital, Chiangrai, Thailand

DDS, Dental public health recidency

Narumanas Korwanich, Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.

Asst.Prof., Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, Thailand

Hanpon Klibngern, Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.

Assistant Professor,  Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine,

Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, Thailand

Natchaiyant Tavisak, Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.

Speech and Language Pathologist, Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine,

Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, Thailand

Makoto Inoue, Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University, Japan.

Professor, Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan

Kanyarat Korwanich, Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.

Asst.Prof., Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry

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