Cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of crude ethanolic extract from Piper betle leaves on leukemic cell lines
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Abstract
Background: Leukemia is a group of malignant diseases characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. These abnormal cells interfere with normal cell growth and development. Nowadays, chemotherapy is the most effective treatment for leukemia but it causes side effects for patients at the same time. To decrease the side effects, medicinal and edible plants are a choice for leukemia treatment. Piper betle (betel) leaves are a choice of interest because it is a common material in the recipes of Thai folk medicine.
Objectives: This work aims to investigate cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities of crude ethanolic betel leave extract in leukemic cells.
Materials and methods: The cytotoxic activity and WT1 protein levels were determined using MTT assay and Western blotting, respectively. Hydroxychavecol content in the crude extract was determined using HPLC.
Results: Crude ethanolic betel leave extract had the highest cytotoxicity effects against K562, Molt4, HL60, and U937 cells with IC50 values of 36.2±1.1, 19.7±1.6, 28.9±5.6, and 17.3±0.7 g/mL, respectively. Moreover, it could decrease WT1 protein level and total cell number in a time- and dose-dependent manner compared to vehicle control. Hydroxychavecol was the main compound in crude ethanolic extract following HPLC determination.
Conclusion: Crude ethanolic betel leave extract had high anti-cancer activity via WT1 protein suppression in K562 cells.
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Personal views expressed by the contributors in their articles are not necessarily those of the Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University.
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