Change in gait speed using the timed 10 meter walk test in individuals with neck pain
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Published:
Jan 1, 2018
Keywords:
Cervical pain gait speed neck pain timed 10 meter walk test walking speed
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Gait speed is an informative marker of individual’s functional capacity and health status. Neck pain is suggested to be associated with impaired gait speed. However, there is limited evidence for a clinical assessment of gait speed in patients with neck pain.
Objectives: To investigate maximum gait speed using the timed 10 meter walk test in individuals with and without neck pain. Relationships between gait speed and characteristics of neck pain were also determined.
Materials and methods: Twenty six men and women aged between 18 and 59 years with chronic neck pain and 26 healthy controls of similar age and gender were recruited into the study. Participants were instructed to walk barefoot at their maximum speed along a 10 meter walk way. Time was recorded for the intermediate 6 meters. Test was performed twice and mean maximum gait speed was calculated for analysis.
Results: Participants with neck pain demonstrated a slower gait speed during walking at maximum speed compared to the control group (p<0.001). Maximum gait speed was moderately correlated with neck pain intensity (p<0.001) and disability (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Individuals with neck pain walked slower than those without neck pain at maximum speed, indicating that gait is compromised in individuals with neck pain. Gait assessment should be considered in patients with neck pain and the timed 10 meter walk test can be used as a clinical test.
Article Details
How to Cite
Wannaprom, N., Sungkarat, S., & Uthaikhup, S. (2018). Change in gait speed using the timed 10 meter walk test in individuals with neck pain. Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, 51(1), 1–5. Retrieved from https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/bulletinAMS/article/view/102416
Section
Research Articles
Personal views expressed by the contributors in their articles are not necessarily those of the Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University.
References
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[19] Beaman CB, Peterson CL, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Differences in self-selected and fastest comfortable walking in post-stroke hemiparetic persons. Gait Posture 2010; 31: 311-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.11.011.
[20] Findling O, Schuster C, Sellner J, Ettlin T, Allum JH. Trunk sway in patients with and without, mild traumatic brain injury after whiplash injury. Gait Posture 2011; 34: 473-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.06.021.
[21] Ruhe A, Fejer R, Walker B. Altered postural sway in patients suffering from non-specific neck pain and whiplash associated disorder - A systematic review of the literature. Chiropr Man Ther 2011; 19: 13. doi: 10.1186/2045-709X-19-13.
[22] Uthaikhup S, Paungmali A, Pirunsan U. Validation of Thai versions of the Neck Disability Index and Neck Pain and Disability Scale in patients with neck pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011; 36: 1415-21. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31820e68ac.
[23] Huang ES, Karter AJ, Danielson KK, Warton EM, Ahmed AT. The association between the number of prescription medications and incident falls in a multi-ethnic population of adult type-2 diabetes patients: the diabetes and aging study. J Gen Intern Med 2010; 25: 141-6. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-1179-2.
[24] Ara T, Iizuka H, Sorimachi Y, Iizuka Y, Nakajima T, Nishinome M, et al. Evaluation of neck pain by using a visual analog scale before and after laminoplasty in patients with cervical myelopathy: relationship with clinical results. J Neurosurg Spine 2010; 12: 635-40. doi: 10.3171/2009.12.spine09181.
[25] Vernon H, Mior S. The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1991; 14: 409-15.
[26] Marques A, Cruz J, Quina S, Regencio M, Jacome C. Reliability, agreement and minimal detectable change of the Timed Up & Go and the 10-Meter Walk Tests in older patients with COPD. J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis 2016; 13: 279-87. doi: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1079816.
[27] Lindemann U, Najafi B, Zijlstra W, Hauer K, Muche R, Becker C, et al. Distance to achieve steady state walking speed in frail elderly persons. Gait Posture 2008; 27: 91-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.02.005.
[28] Bohannon RW. Comfortable and maximum walking speed of adults aged 20-79 years: reference values and determinants. Age Ageing 1997; 26: 15-9.
[29] Luukinen H, Koski K, Laippala P, Kivela SL. Predictors for recurrent falls among the home-dwelling elderly. Scand J Prim Health Care 1995; 13: 294-9.
[30] Campbell AJ, Borrie MJ, Spears GF. Risk factors for falls in a community-based prospective study of people 70 years and older. J Gerontol 1989; 44: 112-7.
[31] Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott M. Motor control: translating research into clinical practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
[32] Boyd-Clark LC, Briggs CA, Galea MP. Muscle spindle distribution, morphology, and density in longus colli and multifidus muscles of the cervical spine. Spine J 2002; 27: 694-701.
[33] Kulkarni V, Chandy MJ, Babu KS. Quantitative study of muscle spindles in suboccipital muscles of human foetuses. Neurol India 2001; 49: 355-9.
[34] Flor H. Cortical reorganisation and chronic pain: implications for rehabilitation. J Rehabil Med 2003; 41: 66-72.
[35] Treleaven J, Jull G, Lowchoy N. Standing balance in persistent whiplash: a comparison between subjects with and without dizziness. J Rehabil Med 2005; 37: 224-9. doi: 10.1080/16501970510027989.
[2] Treleaven J. Sensorimotor disturbances in neck disorders affecting postural stability, head and eye movement control. Man Ther 2008; 13: 2-11. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2007.06.003.
[3] Bove M, Courtine G, Schieppati M. Neck muscle vibration and spatial orientation during stepping in place in humans. J Neurophysiol 2002; 88: 2232-41. doi: 10.1152/jn.00198.2002.
[4] Field S, Treleaven J, Jull G. Standing balance: a comparison between idiopathic and whiplash-induced neck pain. Man Ther 2008; 13: 183-91. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2006.12.005.
[5] Silva AG, Cruz AL. Standing balance in patients with whiplash-associated neck pain and idiopathic neck pain when compared with asymptomatic participants: A systematic review. Physiother Theory Pract 2013; 29: 1-18. doi: 10.3109/09593985.2012.677111.
[6] Stokell R, Yu A, Williams K, Treleaven J. Dynamic and functional balance tasks in subjects with persistent whiplash: A pilot trial. Man Ther 2011; 16: 394-8. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2011.01.012.
[7] Sjostrom H, Allum JH, Carpenter MG, Adkin AL, Honegger F, Ettlin T. Trunk sway measures of postural stability during clinical balance tests in patients with chronic whiplash injury symptoms. Spine J 2003; 28: 1725-34. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000083170.34304.a3.
[8] Poole E, Treleaven J, Jull G. The influence of neck pain on balance and gait parameters in community-dwelling elders. Man Ther 2008; 13: 317-24. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2007.02.002.
[9] Uthaikhup S, Sunkarat S, Khamsaen K, Meeyan K, Treleaven J. The effects of head movement and walking speed on gait parameters in patients with chronic neck pain. Man Ther 2014; 19: 137-41. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2013.09.004.
[10] Cesari M, Kritchevsky SB, Penninx BW, Nicklas BJ, Simonsick EM, Newman AB, et al. Prognostic value of usual gait speed in well-functioning older people--results from the health, aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53: 1675-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53501.x.
[11] Abellan van Kan G, Rolland Y, Andrieu S, Bauer J, Beauchet O, Bonnefoy M, et al. Gait speed at usual pace as a predictor of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older people an International Academy on Nutrition and Aging (IANA) Task Force. J Nutr Health Aging 2009; 13: 881-9.
[12] Quach L, Galica AM, Jones RN, Procter-Gray E, Manor B, Hannan MT, et al. The non-linear relationship between gait speed and falls: The mobilize boston study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59: 1069-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03408.x.
[13] Graham JE, Ostir GV, Fisher SR, Ottenbacher KJ. Assessing walking speed in clinical research: a systematic review. J Eval Clin Pract 2008; 14: 552-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2007.00917.x.
[14] Peters DM, Fritz SL, Krotish DE. Assessing the reliability and validity of a shorter walk test compared with the 10-Meter Walk Test for measurements of gait speed in healthy, older adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2013; 36: 24-30. doi: 10.1519/JPT.0b013e318248e20d.
[15] Kim H-j, Park I, Lee Hj, Lee O. The reliability and validity of gait speed with different walking pace and distances against general health, physical function, and chronic disease in aged adults. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20: 46-50. doi: 10.20463/jenb.2016.09.20.3.7.
[16] Pirpiris M, Wilkinson AJ, Rodda J, Nguyen TC, Baker RJ, Nattrass GR, et al. Walking speed in children and young adults with neuromuscular disease: comparison between two assessment methods. J Pediatr Orthop 2003; 23: 302-7.
[17] Nagano K, Hori H, Muramatsu K. A comparison of at-home walking and 10-meter walking test parameters of individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27: 357-9. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.357.
[18] Unver B, Baris RH, Yuksel E, Cekmece S, Kalkan S, Karatosun V. Reliability of 4-meter and 10-meter walk tests after lower extremity surgery. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 39: 2572-6. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1236153.
[19] Beaman CB, Peterson CL, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Differences in self-selected and fastest comfortable walking in post-stroke hemiparetic persons. Gait Posture 2010; 31: 311-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.11.011.
[20] Findling O, Schuster C, Sellner J, Ettlin T, Allum JH. Trunk sway in patients with and without, mild traumatic brain injury after whiplash injury. Gait Posture 2011; 34: 473-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.06.021.
[21] Ruhe A, Fejer R, Walker B. Altered postural sway in patients suffering from non-specific neck pain and whiplash associated disorder - A systematic review of the literature. Chiropr Man Ther 2011; 19: 13. doi: 10.1186/2045-709X-19-13.
[22] Uthaikhup S, Paungmali A, Pirunsan U. Validation of Thai versions of the Neck Disability Index and Neck Pain and Disability Scale in patients with neck pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011; 36: 1415-21. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31820e68ac.
[23] Huang ES, Karter AJ, Danielson KK, Warton EM, Ahmed AT. The association between the number of prescription medications and incident falls in a multi-ethnic population of adult type-2 diabetes patients: the diabetes and aging study. J Gen Intern Med 2010; 25: 141-6. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-1179-2.
[24] Ara T, Iizuka H, Sorimachi Y, Iizuka Y, Nakajima T, Nishinome M, et al. Evaluation of neck pain by using a visual analog scale before and after laminoplasty in patients with cervical myelopathy: relationship with clinical results. J Neurosurg Spine 2010; 12: 635-40. doi: 10.3171/2009.12.spine09181.
[25] Vernon H, Mior S. The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1991; 14: 409-15.
[26] Marques A, Cruz J, Quina S, Regencio M, Jacome C. Reliability, agreement and minimal detectable change of the Timed Up & Go and the 10-Meter Walk Tests in older patients with COPD. J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis 2016; 13: 279-87. doi: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1079816.
[27] Lindemann U, Najafi B, Zijlstra W, Hauer K, Muche R, Becker C, et al. Distance to achieve steady state walking speed in frail elderly persons. Gait Posture 2008; 27: 91-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.02.005.
[28] Bohannon RW. Comfortable and maximum walking speed of adults aged 20-79 years: reference values and determinants. Age Ageing 1997; 26: 15-9.
[29] Luukinen H, Koski K, Laippala P, Kivela SL. Predictors for recurrent falls among the home-dwelling elderly. Scand J Prim Health Care 1995; 13: 294-9.
[30] Campbell AJ, Borrie MJ, Spears GF. Risk factors for falls in a community-based prospective study of people 70 years and older. J Gerontol 1989; 44: 112-7.
[31] Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott M. Motor control: translating research into clinical practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
[32] Boyd-Clark LC, Briggs CA, Galea MP. Muscle spindle distribution, morphology, and density in longus colli and multifidus muscles of the cervical spine. Spine J 2002; 27: 694-701.
[33] Kulkarni V, Chandy MJ, Babu KS. Quantitative study of muscle spindles in suboccipital muscles of human foetuses. Neurol India 2001; 49: 355-9.
[34] Flor H. Cortical reorganisation and chronic pain: implications for rehabilitation. J Rehabil Med 2003; 41: 66-72.
[35] Treleaven J, Jull G, Lowchoy N. Standing balance in persistent whiplash: a comparison between subjects with and without dizziness. J Rehabil Med 2005; 37: 224-9. doi: 10.1080/16501970510027989.