Vision screening for fitness to work among school vehicle drivers: A cross-sectional study in Chiang-Rai, Thailand
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research was to examine the prevalence of visual functions for fitness to work; visual acuity, muscular balance, depth perception, and color perception, among school vehicle drivers. The cross-sectional study conducted in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. 79 school vehicle drivers were participated. The self-administered questionnaire was executed in two sections; general characteristics and work experience. The vision screened was examined by Titmus V4, occupational model. The study begins with an examination of professional drivers' personal and occupational characteristics, followed by an examination of their visual function. The preponderance of the drivers were older men who were married and had completed secondary education, according to the findings. Overall, 14 of the 79 professional school vehicle drivers passed the criteria based on a visual job criterion that was the highest standard for those who worked with vehicles. The results showed that the visual acuity, which is the visual functions for fitness to work that most affects the fail criteria, largely distributed in the range of normal (fit to work) followed by mild visual impairment.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Transport Statistics Sub-Division. Number of Vehicle Registered in Thailand as of 31 August 2021. Thailand: Department of Land Transport; 2021.
Peden M, Oyegbite K, Ozanne-Smith J, Hyder AA, Branche C, Rahman AF, et al. World report on child injury prevention. Switzerland: WHO Press; 2008.
Bucsuházy K, Matuchová E, Zuvala R, Moravcová P, Kostíková M, Mikulec R. Human factors contributing to the road traffic accident occurrence. Transp Res Procedia. 2020;45:555–61.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. A review of accidents and injuries to road transport drivers. Luxembourg: Publications office of the European Union; 2010
Mehdizadeh M, Shariat-Mohaymany A, Nordfjaern T. Driver behaviour and crash involvement among professional taxi and truck drivers: Light passenger cars versus heavy goods vehicles. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2019;62:86–98.
World Health Organization (WHO). Blindness and vision impairment. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment. 2022 (accessed on 26 December 2022).
Jenchitr W, Raiyawa S. Refractive errors: the major visual impairment in Thailand. Rangsit Journal of Arts and Sciences. 2012; 2(2):133–41.
Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities. Situation of persons with disabilities (in Thai). 2020.
Jung S, Coleman A, Weintraub NT. Vision screening in the elderly. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007; 8:355–62.
Thorslund B, Strand N. Vision measurability and its impact on safe driving - a literature review. Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science. 2016; 9:1–9.
Teerasantipun C, Pichetweerachai W, Theerakul T, Chaiwong W, Kunanusont C. Validity of vision screener among workers in a private hospital in the northern part of Thailand. Bangkok Med J. 2019;15:140–44.
Summacheeva Foundation. Guideline for Standardization and Interpretation of Vision Tests in Occupational Health Setting. Thailand: Summacheeva Foundation; 2018.
Colenbrander A. Visual Standards. Aspects and ranges of vision loss with emphasis on population surveys, International Council of Ophthalmology at the 29th International Congress of Ophthalmology Sydney, Australia: 2002.
Regev S, Rolison JJ, Moutari S. Crash risk by driver age, gender, and time of day using a new exposure methodology. J Safety Res. 2018; 66:131–40.
Duke J, Guest M, Boggess M. Age-related safety in professional heavy vehicle drivers: a literature review. Accid Anal Prev. 2010;42:364–71.
Hildebrand E. Aging school bus drivers: Is mandatory retirement appropriate? 2012
Tice PC, Mouloua M, Abou-Senna H. Aging drivers and post delineated express lanes: Threading the needle at 70 miles per hour. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav 2020; 74:396–407.
Dobbs BM. Medical conditions and driving: a review of the scientific literature (1960 - 2000). 2005.
Thorslund B, Nygårdhs S, Malicka AN, Black AA, Hickson L, Wood JM. Exploring older adults hearing and vision and driving – The Swedish study. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2019;64:274–84.
Komada Y, Asaoka S, Abe T, Inoue Y. Short sleep duration, sleep disorders, and traffic accidents. IATSS Res 2013;37:1–7.
Zhao X, Zhang X, Rong J. Study of the effects of alcohol on drivers and driving performance on straight road. Math Probl Eng. 2014;2014:1–9.
Wang S, Wang JJ, Wong TY. Alcohol and eye diseases. Surv Ophthalmol. 2008; 53:512–37.
Wilson G, Mitchell R. The effect of alcohol on the visual and ocular motor systems. Aust J Ophthalmol. 1983;11:315–9.
Department of Land Transport. Regulations of the Department of Land Transport on "The operation of driving licenses; Training and Testing; applicants for driving licenses according to the law on cars for people with disabilities. 2004.
Anstey KJ, Wood J, Lord S, Walker JG. Cognitive, sensory and physical factors enabling driving safety in older adults. Clin Psychol Rev. 2005;25:45–65.
Marsden J, Stevens S, Ebri A. How to measure distance visual acuity. Community Eye Health. 2019;32:46.
Owsley C, Mcgwin G. Vision and driving. Vision Res. 2010;50:2348–61.
Rees GB. Vision standards for driving: what ophthalmologists need to know. EYE. 2015; 29:719–20.
Beran RG. Analysis and overview of the guidelines for assessing fitness to drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers. Intern Med J. 2005; 35:364–8.
Matsuo T, Morisawa Y, Yoshinaga T, Ikebe M, Hosogi R, Matsuo C. Three-rods test as drivers’ license vision test from the viewpoint of reproducibility, eye deviation, and functional visual acuity. Heliyon. 2018; 4:1056.
Tagarelli A, Piro A, Tagarelli G, Lantieri PB, Risso D, Olivieri RL. Colour blindness in everyday life and car driving. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2004; 82:436–78.
Abebe Y, Wondmikun Y. Defective color perception among car drivers in Addis Ababa. Ethiopia Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3:294–301.