The Effects of an Empowerment Program on Stress Management and Hypertension among Elders with Hypertension
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Thailand has become a completely aged society. In Health Region 2, Phitsanulok Province has the third-largest older population, many of whom suffer from hypertension. The lifestyles of the older people involve health and other issues that lead to stress, affecting hypertension. This quasi-experimental research, a two-group pre-posttest study, aimed to examine the effects of an empowerment program on stress management and blood pressure levels in older people with hypertension. The sample consisted of older individuals with hypertension living in the Muang district who met the inclusion criteria. The sample was divided into two groups, the control group and the experimental group each comprising 30 participants. The control group maintained their usual lifestyle, while the experimental group engaged in the program consisting of six sessions which included: 1) discovering the truth, 2) critical reflection, 3) deciding on a suitable practice, and 4) maintaining effective practices. The data were collected using a stress management assessment form with a content validity index of 0.85 and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.79, and blood pressure recording form. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-value statistics.The results showed that: 1) The mean score of stress management after the intervention in the experimental group was significantly higher than pre-intervention and differed from the control group(p<.05).2) The average blood pressure post-intervention was lower than pre-intervention. Therefore, nurses caring for patients with chronic diseases should apply the program to take care of hypertension patients along with drug treatment to reduce stress and blood pressure levels in patients with hypertension.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Aekplakorn, W. (2016). Thai national health examination survey V study group. Nonthaburi: Aksorn Graphic and
Design. [In Thai].
Chansarn, S. (2012). Active ageing of Thai elderly people, the demographic dividends and Thailand’s economic
prospect in an ageing society. Srinakharinwirot Research and Development Journal, 4(7), 201-214.
[In Thai].
Chasuwan, K., Tongdee, J., Phanlek, N., & Dissara,W. (2022). Self-management of elderly people with
hypertension. Journal of Health research and Innovation, 5(2), 14-27. [In Thai].
Chronic Disease Clinical. (2022). List of names receiving treatment in chronic disease clinics in communities
within the area of responsibility of Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospitals in urban areas Phitsanulok
Province. Phitsanulok: Chronic Disease Clinical. [In Thai].
Division of Noncommunicable Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health. (2020).
Number of patient death rates in 2016-2019. Retrieved 28 November 2021 from http://www.
thaincd.com/2016/mission/documents.php?t. [In Thai].
Division of Noncommunicable Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health. (2022).
Number of patient death rates in 2016-2019. Retrieved 5 January 2022 from
https://hdcservice.moph.go.th/hdc/reports/page.php?cat_id=b2b59e64c4e6c92d4b1ec16a599d882b.
[In Thai].
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: study of emotion and coping during
three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48, 150-170.
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Coping and Emotion. In A. Monat, & R. S. Lazarus (Eds.), Stress and
Coping: An anthology (pp. 207-227). New York: Columbia University Press.
Gibson, C.H. (1995). The process of empowerment in mothers of chronically ill children. Journal of Advanced
Nursing, 21,1201-1210.
Kanchanapibulwong, A., Khamwangsanga, P., & Kaewtha, S. (2020). Report on the situation of NCDs, diabetes,
and high blood pressure. Related factors 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2024 from https://ddc.moph.go.th/uploads/publish/1035820201005073556.pdf [In Thai].
Kaplan, N. M. (2006). Kaplan's clinical hypertension (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Ketsingh,W. (1995). The average and interpretation. Educational research news, 18(3), 8-11. [In Thai].
Klumpakorn, S. (2018). Application of concepts and theories in promoting health and preventing disease
in the community. Bangkok: MN Computing Offset Company Limited. [In Thai].
Manotham, M. (2018). The comparison of stress among elderly: Case study at a Doi Khiew village,
Tambon Nang Lae, Amphur Muang, Chiang Rai. Journal of Disease Prevention and
Control:DPC.2 Phitsanulok, 5(2), 50-59. [In Thai].
Nakkling, Y., & Tadsri, P. (2017). Effect of self- efficacy enhancement program on health behaviors among
older adults with uncontrolled hypertension. The Association of Private Higher Education Institutions of Thailand. 6(1), 27-35. [In Thai].
Pieasue, N. (2020). Nursing care for chronically ill patients with cardiovascular disease that are common
in the community. Graduate studies. Bachelor of Nursing Science major, nursing essentials for
chronically ill patients inCommunity Units 6-10 (Volume 2). Nonthaburi: Sukhothai Thammathirat
Open University. [In Thai].
Pegthong, D, Rakwong, D., Seasahet, N., Pantusah, A., Woradat, S., & Chaimay, B. (2019). Health promotion
among elderly people in community: Stress and stress management approaches. Academic Journal of Community Public Health, 6(1), 1-11. [In Thai].
Ruchiwit, M. (2013). Managing stress to enhance mental health (2nd Ed). Bangkok: Thammasat University Press.
[In Thai].
Simavarangkul, C. (2020). Positive psychology intervention in patients with schizophrenia. Journal of
Humanities and Social Sciences Valaya, 15(1), 44-58. [In Thai].
Sittisat,W., Meethip, N., & Injeen, C. (2019). Results of the behavioral support program health for elderly
people with high blood pressure, Ban Khlong subdistrict health promoting hospital Phitsanulok
province. Journal of Ministry of Public Health Nursing, 29(1), 153-165. [In Thai].
Stretcher, & Rosenstock. (1996). The health belief model. InK, Glanz, F, Lewis, & B, Rimer. Health behavior
and health education: Theory, research, and practice (2nd Ed) (pp. 31-36). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Publishers.
Sukhumviriyakul, S., Ratchapradit, P., & Satitphanrunothai, S. (2018). Lifestyles of elderly people with
chronic illnesses in Tha Pho subdistrict, Mueang District, Phitsanulok province. Journal
of Demography, 34(2), 36-55. [In Thai].
Sungkhao, M., & Thaniwattananon, P. (2020). Effect of self - management supporting program on medication
adherence and blood pressure level among the older patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Songklanagarind Journal of Nursing. 40(1), 84 -100. [In Thai].
Thalopop, K., Pratumthon,W., Rueankon, A., & Mopuang, R. (2013). Factors affecting stress of elderly in
BAN - Klong district Amphur Muang, Phitsanulok province. RMUTP research Journal Science
&Technology, Special Issue, 174 -179. [In Thai].
Thongwichian, T. (2020). Concepts of caring for families with chronically ill patients in the community.
Sukhothai Thammathirat University. Graduate studies. Bachelor of Nursing Science major,
nursing essentials for chronically ill patients in Community Units 6-10 (Volume 2). Nonthaburi:
Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University. [In Thai].
Thongsuk, W. (2019). Effects of the empowerment program on health behaviors, body mass index and blood
pressure level in uncontrolled hypertension. Master Thesis (Nursing), Naresuan University, Phitsanulok. [In Thai].
Ujarat, P., Pansak,W., & PhoSri, C. (2014). Results of the empowerment program toward the development of
the self- care potential of the elderly in the community. Journal of Phetchaburi Rajabhat
University, 15(2), 216-224. [In Thai].
World Health Organization. (2022). Hypertension. Retrieved 20 March 2022, from https://www.
who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension.
Wonglee, C. (2017). The effective of empowerment program on self care behavior of the elders with
hypertension Klonghipoon sub-district Wangnamyen district Sakaeo province. Master Thesis
(Public health), Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Chachoengsao. [In Thai].
Wongsasan, A., & Bunpianphon, N. (2017). Factor affecting caused stress of the eldery in Bang Phlat
district, Bangkok. Retrieved 15 December 2021, from http://www.repository.rmutr.ac.th. [In Thai].