ปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อพฤติกรรมการป้องกันโรค COVID-19 ของผู้สูงอายุในภาคตะวันออก
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การติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 ส่งผลกระทบในวงกว้างไปทั่วโลก โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในกลุ่มผู้สูงอายุซึ่งมีข้อจำกัดทางด้านความแข็งแรงของร่างกายร่วมและการเจ็บป่วยด้วยโรคเรื้อรัง โดยพบว่าความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพมีความสำคัญต่อพฤติกรรมสร้างเสริมสุขภาพ 19 การศึกษาครั้งนี้เป็นการศึกษาภาคตัดขวางมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคโควิด 19 ระดับความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพของผู้สูงอายุในภาคตะวันออก และปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อพฤติกรรมการป้องกันโรค COVID-19 เก็บข้อมูลด้วยวิธีการสุ่มอย่างง่ายแบบหลายขั้นตอนในผู้สูงอายุที่มีอายุตั้งแต่ 60 ปีขึ้นไป และอาศัยอยู่ในภาคตะวันออก จำนวน 208 คน แบบสอบถามพัฒนาขึ้นโดยใช้แนวคิดความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพมีค่าความตรงเชิงเนื้อหา (CVI) เท่ากับ 0.83 ค่าความเชื่อมั่น (Reliability) ของแบบสอบถามในส่วนที่ 2 และ 3 เท่ากับ 0.89 และ 0.86 ตามลำดับ เก็บข้อมูลในช่วงเดือนมิถุนายน ถึง ตุลาคม 2564 วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยสถิติเชิงพรรณนา สัมประสิทธิ์สหพันธ์ และสถิติถดถอยพหุคูณแบบขั้นตอน ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ทักษะการจัดการตนเองด้านสุขภาพเกี่ยวกับโรคCOVID-19การมีโรคประจำตัว การตัดสินใจที่เกี่ยวข้องกับข้อมูลข่าวสารโรค COVID-19 และการเข้าถึงข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับโรค COVID-19สามารถร่วมกันทำนายระดับ พฤติกรรมการป้องกันโรค COVID-19ของผู้สูงอายุในภาคตะวันออกได้ ร้อยละ 53.1 (R2 = .531, F = 4.736, p = .031) อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05 การศึกษานี้เน้นให้เห็นปัจจัยที่สำคัญในการทำนายพฤติกรรมการป้องกันโรค COVID-19 ในผู้สูงอายุ ทีมสหสาขาวิชาชีพมีส่วนสำคัญในการกำหนดกลยุทธ์นำสู่การปฏิบัติอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ และพยาบาลควรเป็นผู้นำในการส่งเสริมสุขภาพและสุขภาวะของผู้สูงอายุในช่วงการระบาดของโรค COVID-19 การศึกษาในครั้งต่อไปจำเป็นต้องมีการศึกษาเพิ่มเติมในประเด็นผลกระทบของโรคประจำตัวและการปฏิบัติหน้าที่ของครอบครัวต่อพฤติกรรมการป้องกันโรค COVID-19
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Becker, M. H. (1974). The health belief model and sick role behavior. Health Education Monographs, 2(4), 409-419. doi:10.1177/109019817400200407
Boon-itt, S., Rompho, N., Jiarnkamolchurn, S., & Skunkan, Y. (2021). Interaction between age and health conditions in the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in Thailand. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 17(12), 4816-4822. doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1979378
Bratzke, Muehrer, Kehl, Lee, Ward, & Kwekkeboom. (2015). Self-management priority setting and decision-making in adults with multimorbidity: a narrative review of literature. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(3), 744-755. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.10.010
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Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice: Wolters Kluwer Health.
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Becker, M. H. (1974). The health belief model and sick role behavior. Health Education Monographs, 2(4), 409-419. doi:10.1177/109019817400200407
Boon-itt, S., Rompho, N., Jiarnkamolchurn, S., & Skunkan, Y. (2021). Interaction between age and health conditions in the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in Thailand. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 17(12), 4816-4822. doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1979378
Bratzke, Muehrer, Kehl, Lee, Ward, & Kwekkeboom. (2015). Self-management priority setting and decision-making in adults with multimorbidity: a narrative review of literature. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(3), 744-755. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.10.010
Callaghan, T., Moghtaderi, A., Lueck, J. A., Hotez, P., Strych, U., Dor, A., . . . Motta, M. (2021). Correlates and disparities of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Social Science & Medicine, 272, 113638. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113638
Clark, C., Davila, A., Regis, M., & Kraus, S. (2020). Predictors of COVID-19 voluntary compliance behaviors: an international investigation. Global Transitions, 2(2020), 76-82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2020.06.003
Clark, N. M., Becker, M. H., Janz, N. K., Lorig, K., Rakowski, W., & Anderson, L. (1991). Self-management of chronic disease by older adults: a review and questions for research. Journal of Aging and Health, 3(1), 3-27. doi:10.1177/089826439100300101
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Department of Elder Persons. (2019). Older statistics. Retrieved from https://www.dop.go.th/en/know/side/1/1/51. [In Thai].
Emami, A., Javanmardi, F., Pirbonyeh, N., & Akbari, A. (2020). Prevalence of underlying diseases in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 8(1), e35.
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189-198. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
Gardner, W., States, D., & Bagley, N. (2020). The coronavirus and the risks to the elderly in long-term care. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 32(4-5), 310-315. doi:10.1080/08959420.2020.1750543
Gupta, S. K., Lakshmi, P. V. M., Kaur, M., & Rastogi, A. (2020). Role of self-care in COVID-19 pandemic for people living with comorbidities of diabetes and hypertension. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 9(11), 5495-5501. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1684_20
Institute of Geriatric Medicine. (2002). Thai mini-mental status examination: MMSE-Thai 2002. Bangkok: Department of Medical Service. [In Thai].
Karimy, M., Bastami, F., Sharifat, R., Heydarabadi, A. B., Hatamzadeh, N., Pakpour, A. H., . . . Araban, M. (2021). Factors related to preventive COVID-19 behaviors using health belief model among general population: a cross-sectional study in Iran. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1934. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11983-3
Lim, M. A., & Pranata, R. (2021). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) markedly increased mortality in patients with hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma, 12(1), 187-193. doi:10.1016/j.jcot.2020.09.015
Lin, H. C., & Chen, C. C. (2021). Disease prevention behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of self-esteem: an extended parallel process model. Psychology research and behavior management, 14, 123-135. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S291300
Liu, K., Chen, Y., Lin, R., & Han, K. (2020). Clinical features of COVID-19 in elderly patients: a comparison with young and middle-aged patients. Journal of Infection, 80(6), e14-e18. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.005
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