Effects of the Self-Management Program on Self-management Behaviors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

This quasi experimental aimed to examine the effects of self management program on knowledge, self efficacy, self management behavior and Hemoglobin A 1c (HBA1C) level among type 2 diabetes. The samples of 72 type 2 diabetes patients were divided by purposive sampling into two groups, experimental (n = 36) and comparison group (n =36). The experimental group participated self management program that proposed by Creer (2000) in a 10-week program while the comparison group received routine caring. The program consisted of self management manual, video, modification of self management behavior record form, home visit and telephone visit follow up. Data were collected via 5 instruments: 1) demographic data questionnaire, 2) knowledge questionnaire, 3) self efficacy questionnaire, 4) self management questionnaire, and 5) instrument for collection of HbA1C that had been validated according to hospital standard. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, paired t test and independent t test. The results revealed that the experimental group had a significance higher in the mean score of knowledge, self efficacy and self management behavior than the comparison group (p < 0.001, 0.05, 0.05) respectively. Moreover, the average of HBA1C level in the experimental group had lower than the comparison group (p < 0.05). Moreover,after finished the program within the experimental group, it was found that the mean score of knowledge, self efficacy and self management significantly increased compared to before the program (p < 0.001, 0.05, 0.001)respectively. Furthermore, the average of HBA1C leveldecreased compare to before the program (p < 0.001). It is recommended that public health professional can apply this self management program to enhance self management behavior among type 2 diabetes in controlling their blood sugar level.