Systematic review of prevalence and antimicrobial drug resistance characteristics of Streptococcus suis
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Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic disease transmitted from animals to humans. The pathogen enters the body through consumption and contact with skin lesions. In severe cases, disability or death may occur. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of S. suis through systematic review and meta-analysis of research publications between 2012–2022 from 11 electronic databases and data from the Institute of Public Health Research. The PRISMA Statement guidelines were followed using PICOS criteria to define search terms, select articles based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, and assess article quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Checklist for Prevalence Studies. Data analysis was performed using R software. The study found 79 research reports meeting the inclusion criteria, with 28 abstracts remaining after screening. Bias assessment revealed 77.77% high bias in sample selection. The study's findings on the prevalence of infection in patients and swine showed that most were infected with serotype 2, with proportions of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.72 - 1.00) and 0.33 (95% CI: 0.18 - 0.48), respectively, followed by serotype 14 with proportions of 0.19 (95% CI: 0.01 - 0.36) and 0.02 (95% CI: 0.00 - 0.03), respectively. Antibiotic resistance to penicillin and gentamycin in patients was 0.04 (95% CI: 0.00 - 0.11) and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.00 - 0.31) respectively, while resistance to ceftriaxone was 31.25%. In swine, the proportions of resistance to penicillin and gentamycin were 0.21 (95% CI: 0.10 - 0.31) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.25 - 0.74) respectively, and to ceftriaxone was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.40 - 0.60). In summary, most humans and swine were infected with serotype 2, followed by serotype 14, with similar proportions of resistance to penicillin, gentamycin, and ceftriaxone. Therefore, monitoring the use of antimicrobial drugs in swine, especially those used for treating patients infected with S. suis, should be a priority.
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