Effectiveness of cannabis leaf transdermal patches in pain relief among patients with knee pain in Suan Phrik Sub-District, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya District, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Province
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Abstract
Knee pain is a musculoskeletal disorder that affects the quality of life of patients. The oral administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can alleviate this symptom. However, NSAIDs also have dangerous adverse effects. Therefore, the external application of herbal products for knee pain relief is another interesting approach for patients. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) has an analgesic activity. Its leaves have been used as an ingredient in Thai traditional medicine formulas for musculoskeletal pain relief. Hence, there is a possibility for the development of knee pain relief products derived from cannabis leaves. This quasi-experimental research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cannabis leaf transdermal patches in pain relief among patients with knee pain in Suan Phrik sub-district, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya district, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya province. A total of 40 samples were selected by purposive sampling. Patches were applied on the anterior aspect of knees for 30 minutes, twice a week for 4 weeks. Scores of knee pain, joint stiffness, joint usage in daily routine, and efficiency in daily routine management were evaluated using the modified WOMAC scale for knee pain before and after treatment in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th experiment. An adverse effect of patches was also determined using the Naranjo’s algorithm. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired samples t-test at a significance level of .05. The results showed that mean scores of knee pain, joint stiffness, joint usage in daily routine, and efficiency in daily routine management after treatment were significantly improved (p < .05) and an adverse effect was not found. These results indicate that cannabis leaf transdermal patches can relieve knee pain and promote abilities in daily routine management. Bioactive compounds presented in cannabis, including cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids may play an important role in knee pain relief. The obtained data can be used in the further development of pain relief products from cannabis leaves. The comparison of effectiveness of cannabis leaf transdermal patches in pain relief between experimental and control groups is need in the further study.
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