Potential Role of Soluble Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 In Salivary Coronavirus Infection Therapy
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Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), a monocarboxypeptidase for cleaving several peptides within the renin-angiotensin system and other substrates that widely expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and the kidneys, with relatively low expression in the lungs [1, Figure 1]. Interestingly, higher RNA expression of ACE 2 in lung AT2 cells was found in Asian donors, compared to African and white American donors [2]. Soluble ACE 2 that lacks the membrane anchor circulates in small volumes in the blood [3]. ACE 2 and TMPRSS 2 protein expression are identified mainly in the cytoplasm and cytomembrane of the epithelial cells in the serous acinus cells in submandibular and parotid salivary glands and in vitro, exogenous ACE 2 and TMPRSS 2 can anchor and fuse to human oral mucosa and the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 can bind to ACE 2 receptors in the salivary glands [4]. A recent study demonstrated that during the hospitalization period, 25 % of COVID-19 patients reported of taste impairment, 20 % of patients reported of difficulty in swallowing, and 15 % of patients reported of burning sensation [5]. A recent study proposed that chewing gum with SARS-CoV-2-trapping proteins can debulking virus in saliva and minimizing viral transmission
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References
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