A causal relationship model of factors influencing glycemic control among the elderly with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sukhothai Province, Thailand
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationships model of the factors influencing glycemic control among the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A multi stage sampling was used to recruit 390 patients with type 2 diabetes from 9 primary care units in Sukhothai Province. Data were collected by questionnaire with reliability value of knowledge, social support and self-care behaviors were 0.81, 0.82 and 0.82, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and testing a causal relationship model by path analysis.
The results showed that 58.5% were females. Of 57.7% had duration of illness 1- 5 years with the mean of 5.48 years and S.D. of 2.42. Most of them (59.5%) aged 60-64 years with the mean age of 63.98 years and S.D. of = 2.29. Half of the sample had poorly controlled fasting blood glucose (FBG ≥ 126 mg/dl) with the mean of 135.19 mg/dl. The analysis of a causal relationship model illustrated by social support demonstrated direct effect on self- care behaviors (β = 0.81, p-value < 0.05), and explained the variance in self – care behaviors at 91%. On the other hand, diabetes knowledge had no direct effect on self-care behaviors (β = 0.15, p-value < 0.05). However, self-care behaviors had a negative direct effect on FBG (β = 0.82, p-value < 0.05), and explained the variance in FBG at 67%.
In conclusion, social support was the most important factor on diabetes self-management. Meanwhile, the knowledge cannot change their behavior. In order to control T2DM among the elderly, the focus should be on promoting social support rather than diabetes knowledge.