Incidence and etiology of maxillofacial trauma: A retrospective analysis of patients attending a provincial hospital in northern Thailand

Abstract

This study aimed to identify cumulative incidences, causes, severity reflected by extent of damage
and treatment modalities of maxillofacial traumas in Thai patients attending Phichit Hospital in
northern Thailand. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed all maxillofacial trauma cases
pursuing treatment from October 2009 to January 2014 (4 years and 3 months). Cumulative incidence
was estimated for each calendar year (2010-2013). Helmet use and alcoholic drinking statuses prior
to injuries and causes of trauma were obtained from records of injury surveillance system.
Maxillofacial traumas were diagnosed according to ICD-10. Diagnoses and treatments were provided by
a specialized oral and maxillofacial surgeon.
There were 210 incident cases in this study period. Annual incidences in 2010-2013 ranged between
6.4-10.4 per 100,000 populations. Most cases were males (161, 76.7%) and average age was 37.1±16.0
(range 8-78 years old). Causes of trauma were identified in 194 cases. There were 142 fracture
cases from motorcycle accident. From 107 cases with identifiable statuses of helmet use prior to
motorcycle accident, 89 cases (83.2%) did not wear helmet. About half of the cases with
identifiable statuses of alcoholic drinking were found drinking prior to injuries. The most common
treatment was open reduction and internal fixation with plate.
Incidences of maxillofacial traumas in Phichit Province were exiguous. Nonetheless, severity was
consid- erable as indicated by several multiple fracture cases and common treatment by open
reduction. Hypothesis of motorcycle driving without helmet use as a cause of maxillofacial
fractures was supported.