Factors Affecting Quality of Life in HIV/AIDS Patients: Clinical Model Analysis in Kendari, Indonesia 10.55131/jphd/2026/240202
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Abstract
Quality of life (QoL) of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is a multifaceted issue involving physical, psychological, social, and environmental factors. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved life expectancy and health outcomes, significant challenges remain for PLWHA, including stigma, social support, and economic status. This study aimed to determine a clinical model of variables influencing QoL of PLWHA, with the hope of providing insights for more targeted interventions. The study design was cross-sectional analytic, conducted at a Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Clinic in Kendari, Indonesia, from April 2024 to January 2025. The sample consisted of 451 HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART therapy. Data were collected through a questionnaire that had been tested for reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.972) and analyzed using descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression. Results showed that stigma, social support, spirituality, duration of infection, adherence to ART therapy, and access to health services significantly influenced QoL. Stigma and social support emerged as the main predictors of QoL, with adherence to ART therapy also contributing positively. These findings demonstrate the importance of psychosocial factors in determining QoL of PLWHA. Although stigma can be a barrier, social support and adherence to treatment can improve QoL. Longer duration of infection was associated with decreased QoL, suggesting the need for special attention to individuals who have been infected with HIV for longer periods. Interventions that focus on reducing stigma and increasing social support are essential for improving the QoL of PLWHA. Further research is needed to explore the role of personal resilience in this context. It is recommended to implement comprehensive psychosocial intervention programs aimed at reducing stigma and enhancing social support for people living with HIV/AIDS.
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