Spatial autocorrelation analysis of diarrhea incidence in Bandung City, Indonesia in 2024 10.55131/jphd/2026/240107
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Abstract
Diarrhea remains a significant public health issue worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that diarrhea accounts for approximately 1.7 billion cases annually, making it a leading cause of child mortality. The morbidity rate for diarrhea in Bandung City across all age groups was 25 per 1,000 population in 2019. This study analyzes the spatial autocorrelation of diarrhea incidence in Bandung City, Indonesia, using Moran’s index. A retrospective spatial analysis was conducted on 896 diarrhea cases recorded at Harapan Bunda Hospital, Bandung, from January 1 to June 30, 2024. Spatial autocorrelation was assessed using Moran’s I, with spatial units defined at the district level. The analysis incorporated ICD-10 classifications, including A06 (amoebiasis), A09 (diarrhea and gastroenteritis due to infectious causes), and O99.6 (digestive diseases complicating pregnancy). The results of autocorrelation were as follows: mild or some dehydration by age (Moran’s I = 0.396, p = 0.001), unspecified amoebiasis (Moran’s I = 0.421, p = 0.000), amoebiasis (Moran’s I = 0.508, p = 0.000), diarrhea and gastroenteritis of presumed infectious origin (Moran’s I = 0.450, p = 0.000), unspecified dehydration status by age (Moran’s I = 0.302, p = 0.000), digestive system diseases complicating pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (Moran’s I = -0.450 , p = 0.000). These findings indicated a clustered distribution pattern, suggesting that diarrhea incidence in one location correlates with cases in surrounding locations. This study recommends targeted interventions for high-risk clusters, such as community-based health programs and environmental sanitation improvements.
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