Depression, anxiety, and stress among health college students during covid-19 outbreak and online education 10.55131/jphd/2023/2103115

Main Article Content

Nailis Syifa
Nurul Purborini
Hidajah Rachmawati
Firasti Agung Nugrahening Sumadi
Izbikavik Muhammad

Abstract

Covid-19 pandemic has an impact to the changing educational system, raising the mental health issues, including college students’ psychology. This study explores demographic and knowledge about Covid-19 associated with college student’s depression, anxiety, and stress in online classes during outbreak. We undertook a cross-sectional study by using questionnaires to explore demographic characteristics and knowledge about Covid-19 among college students during the online classes. Mental health was assessed using DASS-42. The logistic regression used to investigate the association between demographic characteristics and knowledge about Covid-19 with mental health among college students. The prevalence of depression among 599 college students was 27.5%, meanwhile the prevalence of anxiety and stress were 44.6% and 21.29%, respectively. Based on the logistic regression, being in second year (OR = .43), having friends who got infected with Covid-19 (OR=.36), and feeling worried for delaying school (OR=.40) was significantly negatively correlated with depression, whereas having difficulties in adaptation of online class (OR=1.78) was significantly positively correlated with depression. The early identification of depression, anxiety, and stress among college students is pivotal and relevant related factors should be considered when developing preventive programs, particularly during online classes.

Article Details

How to Cite
1.
Syifa N, Purborini N, Rachmawati H, Agung Nugrahening Sumadi F, Muhammad I. Depression, anxiety, and stress among health college students during covid-19 outbreak and online education: 10.55131/jphd/2023/2103115. J Public Hlth Dev [Internet]. 2023 Sep. 22 [cited 2024 Dec. 22];21(3):192-206. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/AIHD-MU/article/view/264506
Section
Original Articles
Author Biographies

Nailis Syifa, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

Nurul Purborini, Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Indonesia

Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Indonesia

Hidajah Rachmawati, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

Firasti Agung Nugrahening Sumadi, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

Izbikavik Muhammad, Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

References

World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 82. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. 2020-04-11.

Wang Z-H, Yang H-L, Yang Y-Q, Liu D, Li Z-H, Zhang X-R, et al. Prevalence of anxiety and depression symptom, and the demands for psychological knowledge and interventions in college students during COVID-19 epidemic: A large cross-sectional study. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;275:188-93.

Liu X, Liu J, Zhong X. Psychological State of College Students During COVID-19 Epidemic. LANGLH. 2020;22. doi: https://dx.doi.org/ 10.2139/ssrn.3552814

Huang L, Lei W, Xu F, Liu H, Yu L. Emotional responses and coping strategies in nurses and nursing students during Covid-19 outbreak: A comparative study. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15(8):e0237303.

Sahu P. Closure of universities due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus. 2020;12(4). doi: 10.7759/cureus.7541.

Rogowska AM, Ochnik D, Kuśnierz C, Chilicka K, Jakubiak M, Paradowska M, et al. Changes in mental health during three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional study among polish university students. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1):627. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03615-2.

Son C, Hegde S, Smith A, Wang X, Sasangohar F. Effects of COVID-19 on College Students' Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(9):e21279. doi: 10.2196/21279.

Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112934. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934

Liu J, Zhu Q, Fan W, Makamure J, Zheng C, Wang J. Online Mental Health Survey in a Medical College in China During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:459. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00459

Damanik ED. Pengujian reliabilitas, validitas, analisis item dan pembuatan norma Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Universitas Indonesia: Indonesia; 2006.

Devi HM, Purborini N, Chang HJ. Mediating effect of resilience on association among stress, depression, and anxiety in Indonesian nursing students. J Prof Nurs. 2021;37(4):706-13. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.04. 004.

Syifa N, Purborini N. Trends of Influenza’s Symptoms Drug Search Terms in Indonesian-Language using Google Trends in the Covid-19 Pandemic. Borneo Journal of Pharmacy. 2022:5(2):179-85.

Wu S, Zhang K, Parks-Stamm EJ, Hu Z, Ji Y, Cui X. Increases in Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19: A Large Longitudinal Study From China. Front Psychol. 2021;12:706601. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.706601.

Muthuprasad T, Aiswarya S, Aditya KS, Jha GK. Students' perception and preference for online education in India during COVID -19 pandemic. Soc Sci Humanit Open. 2021;3(1):100101. doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100101.

Zheng M, Bender D, Lyon C. Online learning during COVID-19 produced equivalent or better student course performance as compared with pre-pandemic: empirical evidence from a school-wide comparative study. BMC Med Educ. 2021;21(1):495. doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02909-z.

Almendingen K, Morseth MS, Gjølstad E, Brevik A, Tørris C. Student’s experiences with online teaching following COVID-19 lockdown: A mixed methods explorative study. PLOS ONE. 2021;16(8):e0250378. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250378.

Gopal R, Singh V, Aggarwal A. Impact of online classes on the satisfaction and performance of students during the pandemic period of COVID 19. Education and Information Technologies. 2021;26(6):6923-47.

Elshami W, Taha MH, Abuzaid M, Saravanan C, Al Kawas S, Abdalla ME. Satisfaction with online learning in the new normal: perspective of students and faculty at medical and health sciences colleges. Med Educ Online. 2021;26(1):1920090. doi: 10.1080/ 10872981.2021.1920090.

Keržič D, Alex JK, Pamela Balbontín Alvarado R, Bezerra DdS, Cheraghi M, Dobrowolska B, et al. Academic student satisfaction and perceived performance in the e-learning environment during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence across ten countries. PLOS ONE. 2021;16(10) :e0258807. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0258807

Roche AI, Holdefer PJ, Thomas EBK. College student mental health: Understanding changes in psychological symptoms in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Curr Psychol. 2022:1-10. doi: 10.1007/s12144-022-03193-w.

Hasan N, Bao Y. Impact of "e-Learning crack-up" perception on psychological distress among college students during COVID-19 pandemic: A mediating role of "fear of academic year loss". Child Youth Serv Rev. 2020;118:105355. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105355

Haikalis M, Doucette H, Meisel MK, Birch K, Barnett NP. Changes in College Student Anxiety and Depression From Pre- to During-COVID-19: Perceived Stress, Academic Challenges, Loneliness, and Positive Perceptions. Emerg Adulthood. 2022;10(2):534-45. doi: 10.1177/21676968211058516.

Spatafora F, Matos Fialho PM, Busse H, Helmer SM, Zeeb H, Stock C, et al. Fear of Infection and Depressive Symptoms among German University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of COVID-19 International Student Well-Being Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(3). doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031659.

Browning MHEM, Larson LR, Sharaievska I, Rigolon A, McAnirlin O, Mullenbach L, et al. Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States. PLOS ONE. 2021;16(1):e0245327. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245327

Hamaideh SH, Al-Modallal H, Tanash M, Hamdan-Mansour A. Depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate students during COVID-19 outbreak and "home-quarantine". Nurs Open. 2022;9(2):1423-31. doi: 10.1002/nop2.918.

Bolatov AK, Seisembekov TZ, Askarova AZ, Baikanova RK, Smailova DS, Fabbro E. Online-Learning due to COVID-19 Improved Mental Health Among Medical Students. Med Sci Educ. 2021;31(1): 183-92. doi: 10.1007/s40670-020-01165-y.

McLafferty M, Brown N, McHugh R, Ward C, Stevenson A, McBride L, et al. Depression, anxiety and suicidal behaviour among college students: Comparisons pre-COVID-19 and during the pandemic. Psychiatry Res Commun. 2021;1(2):100012. doi: 10.1016/j.psycom.2021.100012.

Kita Y, Yasuda S, Gherghel C. Online education and the mental health of faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):8990. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12841-x.

Ishimaru D, Adachi H, Nagahara H, Shirai S, Takemura H, Takemura N, et al. Characteristics of Adaptation in Undergraduate University Students Suddenly Exposed to Fully Online Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry. 2021; 12:731137. doi: 10.3389/ fpsyt. 2021.731137.

Lin C, Tong Y, Bai Y, Zhao Z, Quan W, Liu Z, et al. Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among Chinese international students in US colleges during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(4):e0267081. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267081.