Design recommendation of a care center to overcome the psychological and behavioral impact of infectious diseases on humans 10.55131/jphd/2023/210320
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Covid 19 pandemic threatened the life of individuals, and there was a lack of information on treatment, handling of patients and disposal of waste. The psychological and behavioral impact on humans due to outbreak of Covid is studied and based on that, a person-centered care center is suggested. The research methodology used are surveys and interviews among stake holders. Based on the surveys and interviews conducted during the pandemic, it is found that 94% of the respondents prefer to use private vehicles with at least one member to accompany them. People prefer to use 3 ply facemasks, followed by cotton masks and N95 masks. Existing literature discusses the physical effects on individuals. This paper focuses on psychological and behavioral changes. Based on the study, person centered a care center is recommended with facilities to treat patients with different levels of infections and a counselling center for the persons suffering from Covid and other infectious diseases.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
World Health Organization WHO Director-General’s statement on IHR emergency committee on novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [internet]. [cited 2020 June 09]. Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-statement-on-ihr-emergency-committee-on-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
Alonazi WB, Altuwaijri EA. Health Policy Development During COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: Mixed Methods Analysis. Front. Public Health. 2022; 9:801273. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021. 801273
Hassounah M, Raheel H, Alhefzi M. Digital Response During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(9):e19338.
Chaturvedi K, Vishwakarma DK, Singh N. COVID-19 and its impact on education, social life and mental health of students: A survey. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2021;121:105866. doi: 10.1016/ j.childyouth.2020.105866.
Clair R, Gordon M, Kroon M, Reilly C. The effects of social isolation on well-being and life satisfaction during pandemic. Humanit Soc Sci Commun. 2021;8:28.
Elmer T, Mepham K, Stadtfeld C. Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland. PLOS ONE. 2020;15: e0236337. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone. 0236337.
Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112934. doi: 10.1016/ j.psychres.2020.112934.
Yao H, Chen JH, Xu YF. Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):e21. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30090-0.
Bedford J, Enria D, Giesecke J, Heymann DL, Ihekweazu C, Kobinger G, et al. COVID-19: towards controlling of a pandemic. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1015-8. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)30673-5.
Reynolds DL, Garay JR, Deamond SL, Moran MK, Gold W, Styra R. Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience. Epidemiol Infect. 2008;136(7):997-1007. doi: 10.1017/S0950268807009156.
Memish ZA, Ahmed QA, Schlagenhauf P, Doumbia S, Khan A. No time for dilemma: mass gatherings must be suspended. Lancet. 2020;395(10231): 1191-2. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20) 30754-6.
Fancourt D, Bu F, Mak HW, Steptoe A. Covid 19 Social Study. Results Release 1. University College, London [Internet]. 2020. [cited 2022 Oct 19]. Available from: https://www. nuffieldfoundation.org/wp-content/ uploads/2020/05/COVID-19-social-study-results-release-29-May-2020. pdf.
Eria - Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia. Strengthening Waste Management Policies to Mitigate the COVID-19 Pandemic [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Oct 19]. Available from: https://www.eria.org/uploads/ media/policy-brief/Strengthening-Waste-Management-Policies-to-Mitigate-the-COVID19-Pandemic.pdf.
Grover S, Sahoo S, Mehra A, Avasthi A, Tripathi A, Subramanyan A, et al. Psychological impact of COVID-19 lockdown: An online survey from India. Indian J Psychiatry. 2020;62(4):354-62. doi:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_427_20
Mihai FC. Assessment of COVID-19 Waste Flows During the Emergency State in Romania and Related Public Health and Environmental Concerns. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(15). doi: 10.3390/ijerph 17155439.
Nzediegwu C, Chang SX. Improper solid waste management increases potential for COVID-19 spread in developing countries. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2020;161:104947. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104947.
Singh N, Tang Y, Zhang Z, Zheng C. COVID-19 waste management: Effective and successful measures in Wuhan, China. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2020;163:105071. doi: 10.1016/ j.resconrec.2020.105071
Sangkham S. Face mask and medical waste disposal during the novel COVID-19 pandemic in Asia. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering. 2020;2:100052.
Carolina RP, Cristiane PDMK, Valentine CM, Adilaeit LP, Marionda SR, Lucia CBC. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Physical Well-being of Nursing and Medical Personnel: An Integrative Review. Aquichan. 2022; 22(2):e2225.
Bentlage E, Ammar A, How D, Ahmed M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, et al. Practical Recommendations for Maintaining Active Lifestyle during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176265.
Bourdas DI, Zacharakis ED. Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity in a Sample of Greek Adults. Sports (Basel). 2020;8(10). doi: 10.3390/sports8100139.
Hanke AA, Sundermeier T, Boeck HT, Schieffer E, Boyen J, Braun AC, et al. Influence of Officially Ordered Restrictions During the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Patients after Kidney Transplantation in a Telemedicine Based Aftercare Program-A KTx360° Sub Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(23). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17239144.
Lesser IA, Nienhuis CP. The Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity Behavior and Well-Being of Canadians. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(11). doi: 10.3390/ijerph 17113899.
Shaukat N, Ali DM, Razzak J. Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a scoping review. Int J Emerg Med. 2020;13(1): 40. doi: 10.1186/s12245-020-00299-5.
Ong SWX, Tan YK, Chia PY, Lee TH, Ng OT, Wong MSY, et al. Air, Surface Environmental, and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From a Symptomatic Patient. Jama. 2020; 323(16):1610-2. doi: 10.1001/jama. 2020.3227.
Kampf G. Efficacy of ethanol against viruses in hand disinfection. J Hosp Infect. 2018;98(4):331-8. doi: 10.1016/ j.jhin.2017.08.025.
Bashforth E. Should you wear a face mask if you have a cold this winter? Article in Patient Health Information [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Oct 9]. Available from: https://patient.info/ news-and-features/should-you-wear-a-face-mask-if-you-have-a-cold-this-winter.
Miller JK, Elenberg K, Dubrawski A. Forecasting emergence of COVID-19 variants of concern. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(2):e0264198. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0264198.
Temsah MH, Alhuzaimi AN, Alamro N, Alrabiaah A, Al-Sohime F, Alhasan K, et al. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers during the early COVID-19 pandemic in a main, academic tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia. Epidemiol Infect. 2020; 148:e203. doi: 10.1017/S09502688 20001958.
Newspaper Article, Mint [Internet]. [cited 2022 Aug 10]. Available from: https://www.livemint.com/news/india/nearly-6-000-covid-patients-cured-through-siddha-medicine-in-tamil-nadu-11597051467504.html.
Tang JW, Liebner TJ, Craven BA, Settles GS. A schlieren optical study of the human cough with and without wearing masks for aerosol infection control. J R Soc Interface. 2009;6 Suppl 6(Suppl 6):S727-36. doi: 10.1098/rsif. 2009.0295.focus.
SET-C Science in Emergencies Tasking – COVID-19 Face masks and coverings for the general public: Behavioral knowledge, effectiveness of cloth coverings and public messaging. London: The Royal Society [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https:// royalsociety.org//media/policy/projects/set-c/set-c-facemasks.pdf.
Jones MA. Report on More than 1.56 billion face masks could end up polluting oceans, CIV news [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Jun 09]. Available from: https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/ more-than-1-56-billion-face-masks-could-end-up-polluting-oceans-report-1.5221239.
Saliu F, Veronelli M, Raguso C, Barana D, Galli P, Lasagni M. The release process of microfibers: from surgical face masks into the marine environment. Environ Adv. 2021; 4:100042.
UNEP, Waste Management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ministry of Environment (MOE), Government of Japan through United Nations Environment Programme International Environmental Technology Centre (UNEP- IETC) [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Oct 09]. Available from : http://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/33416/WMC-19.pdf?sequence= 1&isAllowed=y.
Khan SK, Kaafil SF. An effective environmental solution for disposal and recycling of single used face mask. Indian J Environ Sci. 2023;27(1):27-32.
The cooperative human, Nat Hum Beha, Editorial Publication. 2018; 2:427–8.
Coulter A, Richards T. Care during covid-19 must be humane and person centred. Bmj. 2020;370:m3483. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3483.
Cepiku D, Giordano F, Bovaird T, Loeffler E. New development: Managing the Covid-19 pandemic—from a hospital-centered model of care to a community co-production approach. Public Money Manage. 2021;41(1):77-80.
Bergeron V, Reboux G, Poirot JL, Laudinet N. Decreasing airborne contamination levels in high-risk hospital areas using a novel mobile air-treatment unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28(10):1181-6. doi: 10.1086/520733
Dietz L, Horve PF, Coil DA, Fretz M, Eisen JA, Van Den Wymelenberg K. 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission. mSystems. 2020;5(2). doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00245-20.
Jonauskaite D, Tremea I, Bürki L, Diouf CN, Mohr C. To see or not to see: importance of color perception to color therapy. Color Res Appl. 2020;45(3): 450-64