Effects of self-medication reasons, television advertisements, and pharmaceutical professionals' roles on self-medication practices 10.55131/jphd/2023/210215
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Self-medication has become increasingly common in society, and it is crucial to provide reliable information and emphasize the role of pharmacists in dispensing information to ensure that self-medication is carried out safely. This study aimed to analyse the reasons for self-medication, the influence of television advertisements, and the role of pharmacists in self-medication. The research used a descriptive-analytic approach with a cross-sectional design. The study involved 350 adult participants who were purposively selected in Tegal City, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using SPSS, employing univariate and bivariate analyses. The Chi-Square test was used to investigate the relationship between variables, with a significance level of 0.05. The findings showed that the primary reasons for self-medication were minor illnesses (63.1%), complete TV advertisements (86.3%), active involvement of pharmacists (68.9%), and good self-medication practices (73.1%). The study revealed that there was a significant relationship between the reasons for self-medication (p=0.032) and the role of pharmacists (p=0.002) in self-medication practices. In conclusion, the study found that self-medication practices were good, but pharmacists should be more active in providing information to clients to enhance the quality of self-medication. To achieve this, pharmacists need to play a more significant role in promoting appropriate self-medication practices by providing appropriate information on the safe use of medications. Moreover, health authorities should develop policies to regulate the advertising of over-the-counter drugs, emphasizing the risks of inappropriate use of medications through the media.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Chautrakarn S, Khumros W, Phutrakool P. Self-Medication With Over-the-counter Medicines Among the Working Age Population in Metropolitan Areas of Thailand. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:726643. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.726643.
World Health Organization. Guidelines for the Regulatory Assessment of Medicinal Products for use in Self-Medication. Geneva: WHO; 2000.
Rauf Z, Putra DP, Masrul M, Semiarty R. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Families Practices in Selecting, Obtaining, Using, Storing, and Disposing of Medicines on Self-Medication Behavior in Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021;9(E):1570–7.
Janatolmakan M, Abdi A, Andayeshgar B, Soroush A, Khatony A. The Reasons for Self-Medication from the Perspective of Iranian Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study. Nurs Res Pract. 2022;2022:2960768. doi: 10.1155/2022/2960768.
Balitbang Kemenkes Republik Indonesia. Hasil Utama Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Jakarta; 2018.
Kassie AD, Bifftu BB, Mekonnen HS. Self-medication practice and associated factors among adult household members in Meket district, Northeast Ethiopia, 2017. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018;19(1).
Kassie AD, Bifftu BB, Mekonnen HS. Self-medication practice and associated factors among adult household members in Meket district, Northeast Ethiopia, 2017. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018;19(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s40360-018-0205-6.
Pusat Informasi Obat dan Makanan. Menuju Swamedikasi yang Aman. InfoPOM. 2014;15(1).
Saha A, Marma KKS, Rashid A, Tarannum N, Das S, Chowdhury T, et al. Risk factors associated with self-medication among the indigenous communities of Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(6):e0269622. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269622.
Osemene KP, Lamikanra A. A Study of the Prevalence of Self-Medication Practice among University Students in Southwestern Nigeria. Trop J Pharm Res. 2012;11(4):683–9.
Ocan M, Bwanga F, Bbosa GS, Bagenda D, Waako P, Ogwal-Okeng J, et al. Patterns and predictors of self-medication in northern Uganda. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(3):e92323. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092323.
Siraj EA, Yayehrad AT, Kassaw AT, Kassahun D, Solomon E, Abdela H, et al. Self-Medication Prevalence and Factors Associated with Knowledge and Attitude Towards Self-Medication Among Undergraduate Health Science Students at GAMBY Medical and Business College, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2022;16:3157-72. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S390058.
Rutter P. Role of community pharmacists in patients' self-care and self-medication. Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2015;4:57-65. doi: 10.2147/IPRP.S70403.
Poudyal A, Nepal S. Self-medication practice and associated socio-demographic variables among adult in Morang district of Miklajung rural municipality. Int J Community Med Public Heal. 2021;8(2):570–5.
Shalini A, Logaraj M. Prevalence and determinants of self medication use among the adult population residing in a sub urban areas near Chennai, Tamil Nadu. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021;10(5):1835-8. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1615_20.
Aprilia D, Hidayati IR, Yunita SL. Factors Influencing the Behavior of Self-Medication With Diarrhea Drug. KnE Med. 2022;2(3):586–97.
Alves RF, Precioso J, Becoña E. Knowledge, attitudes and practice of self-medication among university students in Portugal: A cross-sectional study. Nordisk Alkohol Nark. 2021;38(1):50-65. doi: 10.1177/1455072520965017.
Ratnayake U, Kumanan T, Nadarajah RK. Factors Associated with Antihypertensive Medication Adherence among Diabetic Patients with Coexisting Hypertension in a Tertiary Care Centre from a Low Middle Income South Asian Country. J Patient Saf Qual Improv. 2021;9(1):29–39.
Hasan S, Farghadani G, AlHaideri SK, Fathy MA, Hasan S, Farghadani G, et al. Pharmacist Opportunities to Improve Public Self-Medicating Practices in the UAE. Pharmacology & Pharmacy. 2016;7(11):459–71. doi: 10.4236/pp.2016.711052.
Cavaco AM, Sozen-Sahne B, Ulutas-Deniz E, Yegenoglu S. Self-medication and non-prescription drug counseling: Illustrating profession uncertainty within Turkish pharmacy practice. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2018;14(8):718–26.
Amanda Fitriana R, Dwi Utami A, Priyanda ERP, Lestari O, Handayani F. Description of Pharmacist Communication In Self-Medication. Int J Soc Serv Res. 2021;1(1):25–9.
Mulyatingsih E. Riset Terapan Bidang Pendidikan dan Teknik. Nuryanto A, editor. Yogyakarta: UNY Press; 2011.
Amuzie CI, Kalu KU, Izuka M, Nwamoh UN, Emma-Ukaegbu U, Odini F, et al. Prevalence, pattern and predictors of self-medication for COVID-19 among residents in Umuahia, Abia State, Southeast Nigeria: policy and public health implications. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2022;15(1):34.
Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Donahue KE, Halpern DJ, Crotty K. Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(2):97–107.
Vidyavati S, Sneha A, Kamarudin J, Katti S. Self Medication-Reasons, Risks and Benefits. Int J Healthc Biomed Res. 2016;4(4):21–4.
Shaghagi A, Asadi M, Allahverdipour H. Predictors of Self-Medication Behavior: A Systematic Review. Iran J Public Heal. 2014;43(2):136–46.
Tkg D, Kct A, Cruz ANO D, Vera DR, Cas L, Jeg L, et al. Impact of direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertisement on the buying behavior of over-the-counter drugs in Cabanatuan city, Nueva Ecija. GSC Biol Pharm Sci. 2022;2022(02):196–205. doi: 10.30574/gscbps.2022.20.2.0310
Harahap NA, Khairunnisa K, Tanuwijaya J. Pengetahuan Pasien dan Rasionalitas Swamedikasi di Tiga Apotek Kota Panyabungan. J Sains Farm Klin. 2017;3(2):186–92.
Febriyani F, Candradewi SF, Hidayati A. Pengaruh Iklan Obat Diare di Televisi Terhadap Keputusan dan Ketepatan Swamedikasi. J Syifa Sci Clin Res. 2022;4(1):128–40.
Rachmawati H. Pengaruh Iklan Obat Flu di Televisi terhadap Pemilihan Obat Secara Swamedikasi pada Masyarakat di Malang. Farmasains J Farm dan Ilmu Kesehat. 2012;1(2).
Sánchez-Sánchez E, Fernández-Cerezo FL, Díaz-Jimenez J, Rosety-Rodriguez M, Díaz AJ, Ordonez FJ, et al. Consumption of over-the-Counter Drugs: Prevalence and Type of Drugs. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(11):5530.
Schweim H, Ullmann M. Media influence on risk competence in self-medication and self-treatment. Ger Med Sci. 2015;13:Doc10.
Ershadpour R, Kargar Z, Rajput MY. A review of the impact of commercial drug advertising on the emergence of self-medication phenomenon. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018;4(1):9–10.
Susilo AI, Muslim Z. Community Behavior Study Regarding Drug Purchases at Bengkulu City Pharmacies in 2021. SANITAS J Teknol dan Seni Kesehat. 2022;13(1):33–43.
Singh DK, Patnaik BCM, Satpathy I. Internal Dynamics of Self –Medication (SM). J Med Chem Sci. 2022;5(3):321–34.
Shrivastava B, Bajracharya O, Shakya R. Prioritizing intervention measures to prevent inappropriate self-medication practices using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2022;5:100117.