Efficacy of psychoeducational intervention on depression and anxiety after discharge in patients with covid-19 10.55131/jphd/2022/200317
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
People with anxiety and depression are more worried. This worry can weaken their immune system and make them vulnerable to diseases. This study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of CFT on depression and anxiety in patients with COVID-19. The study had a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included 30 men who underwent quarantine for COVID-19 in 2021. Participants were chosen through convenience sampling and then were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, CFT treatment was performed in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Beck Depression and Anxiety Questionnaires were used to collect the required data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA). The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of depression and anxiety in the experimental and control groups (p <0.05). The effect of this treatment on reducing the scores of depression and anxiety was 51% and 68%, respectively. Based on the results, CFT can reduce anxiety and depression in patients with COVID-19 disease. It is suggested that this intervention can be used in psychological treatment programs.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Singhal T. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87(4):281-6.
Fouladi Dehaghi B, Ghodrati-Torbati A, Teimori G, Ibrahimi Ghavamabadi L, Jamshidnezhad A. Face masks vs. COVID-19: a systematic review. Invest Educ Enferm. 2020;38(2).
Sarmadi M, Ghodrati-Torbati A, Gazerani A, Yaghoobi H, Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi H. Association of HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 variables: an ecological study. HIV AIDS Rev. 2021;20(2):71-7.
Kumar A, Somani A. Dealing with Corona virus anxiety and OCD. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;51:102053.
Peng EY-C, Lee M-B, Tsai S-T, Yang C-C, Morisky DE, Tsai L-T, et al. Population-based post-crisis psychological distress: an example from the SARS outbreak in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2010;109(7):524-32.
Seyyedmoharrami I, Dehaghi BF, Abbaspour S, Zandi A, Tatari M, Teimori G, et al. The relationship between organizational climate, organizational commitment and job burnout: Case study among employees of the university of medical sciences. Open Public Health J. 2019;12(1).
Rahmani R, Sargazi V, Jalali MS, Babamiri M. Relationship between COVID-19-caused Anxiety and Job Burnout among Hospital Staff: A Cross-sectional Study in the Southeast of Iran. J Occup Hyg Eng. 2021;7(4): 61-9.
Abbaspour S, Tajik R, Atif K, Eshghi H, Teimori G, Ghodrati-Torbati A, et al. Prevalence and correlates of mental health status among pre-hospital healthcare staff. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2020;16:17.
Ying Y, Ruan L, Kong F, Zhu B, Ji Y, Lou Z. Mental health status among family members of health care workers in Ningbo, China, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):1-10.
Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, Xiang Y-T, Liu Z, Hu S, et al. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4): e17-e8.
Seyedmoharrami I, Atif K, Tatari M, Teimori Boghsani G, Ghodrati Torbati A. Accomplices of job burnout among employees of a medical university. Russian Open Medical Journal. 2019; 8(1):105. doi: 10.15275/rusomj. 2019. 0105
Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA netw open. 2020;3(3): e203976-e.
Nolen-Hoeksema S, Wisco BE, Lyubomirsky S. Rethinking rumination. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2008; 3(5):400-24.
Seyyedmoharrami I, Kimiaei SA, Bagheri F, Ghodrati Torbati A, Parsa Z. The role of personality factors in predicting life satisfaction of non-native students with the mediating role of self-differentiation. Polish Annals of Medicine. 2021;28(2):34-41.
Dong X-Y, Wang L, Tao Y-X, Suo X-l, Li Y-C, Liu F, et al. Psychometric properties of the Anxiety Inventory for Respiratory Disease in patients with COPD in China. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:49.
Willgoss TG, Yohannes AM, Goldbart J, Fatoye F. “Everything was spiraling out of control”: experiences of anxiety in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heart Lung. 2012;41(6):562-71.
Liu K, Chen Y, Wu D, Lin R, Wang Z, Pan L. Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with COVID-19. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020;39: 101132.
Bajema KL, Oster AM, McGovern OL, Lindstrom S, Stenger MR, Anderson TC, et al. Persons evaluated for 2019 novel coronavirus—United States, January 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(6):166.
Merrells K. What you need to know about nutrition and the immune system: Staying strong with TBI.
Yang L, Wu D, Hou Y, Wang X, Dai N, Wang G, et al. Analysis of psychological state and clinical psychological intervention model of patients with COVID-19. MedRxiv. 2020.
Yao H, Chen J-H, Xu Y-F. Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(4):e21
Lehrer PM, Karavidas MK, Lu S-E, Feldman J, Kranitz L, Abraham S, et al. Psychological treatment of comorbid asthma and panic disorder: a pilot study. J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22(4):671-83.
Deshmukh VM, Toelle BG, Usherwood T, O’Grady B, Jenkins CR. Anxiety, panic and adult asthma: a cognitive-behavioral perspective. Respir Med. 2007;101(2):194-202.
Sánchez-Román S, Velasco-Furlong L, Rodríguez-Carvajal R, Baranda-Sepúlveda J. Effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioural program to reduce anxiety in medically ill patients. Rev Invest Clin. 2006;58(6):540-46.
Neff KD. Self‐compassion, self‐esteem, and well‐being. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2011;5(1):1-12.
Alicke MD, Sedikides C. Self-enhancement and self-protection: What they are and what they do. Eur Rev Soc Psychol. 2009;20(1):1-48.
Kyeong LW. Self-compassion as a moderator of the relationship between academic burn-out and psychological health in Korean cyber university students. Pers Individ Differ. 2013; 54(8):899-902.
Taheri Daghiyan A, Qasemi Motlagh M, Mehdian H. The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on anxiety and rumination in depressed patients. Med J Mashhad Univ Med Sci. 2019; 62:264-74.
Ghodrati Torbati A, Nejat H, Toozandehjani H, Samari AA, Akbari Amarghan H. Effect of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) on Blood Cortisol and Cognitive-Emotion Regulation in Drug Abusers. Jundishapur J Health Sci. 2020;12(1).
Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck depression inventory. 1996.
Dabson E, Mohammadhkani P. Psychometric features of depression inventory-II in depressive disorders in partial remission. J Rehabil. 2007; 8(29):80-6.
Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893.
Kaviani H, Mousavi A. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Tehran Univ Med J. 2008.
Pinto-Gouveia J, Duarte C, Matos M, Fraguas S. The protective role of self-compassion in relation to psychopathology symptoms and quality of life in chronic and in cancer patients. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2014;21(4): 311–23.
Kirby JN. Compassion interventions: The programmes, the evidence, and implications for research and practice. Psychol Psychother. 2017;90(3):432–55.
Jazaieri H, Jinpa GT, McGonigal K, Rosenberg EL, Finkelstein J, SimonThomas E, et al. Enhancing compassion: A randomized controlled trial of a compassion cultivation training program. J Happiness Stud. 2012;14(4):1113–26.
Gilbert P, Procter S. Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clin Psychol Psychot. 2006;13(6):353–79.
Haj Sadeghi Z, Yazdi-Ravandi S, Pirnia B. Compassion-Focused Therapy on Levels of Anxiety and Depression Among Women with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Pilot Trial. Int J Cancer Manag. 2018;11(11):e67019. doi: 10.5812/ ijcm.67019.
Pepping CA, Lyons A, McNair R, Kirby JN, Petrocchi N, Gilbert P. A tailored compassion-focused therapy program for sexual minority young adults with depressive symotomatology: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychol. 2017;5(1):5.
Frostadottir AD, Dorjee D. Effects of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) on Symptom Change, Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Rumination in Clients With Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. Front Psychol. 2019;10:1099.
Przezdziecki A, Sherman KA, Baillie A, Taylor A, Foley E, Stalgis-Bilinski K. My changed body: Breast cancer, body image, distress and selfcompassion. Psychooncology. 2013;22(8):1872–9.
Thimm JC. Relationships between early maladaptive schemas, mindfulness, self-compassion, and psychological distress. Int J Psychol Psychol Therap. 2017;17(1):3-17.
Krieger T, Hermann H, Zimmermann J, grosse Holtforth M. Associations of self-compassion and global self-esteem with positive and negative affect and stress reactivity in daily life: Findings from a smart phone study. Pers Individ Differ. 2015;87:288-92.
Ross S, Bossis A, Guss J, Agin-Liebes G, Malone T, Cohen B, et al. Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized controlled trial. J Psychopharmacol. 2016;30(12):1165–80.
Gale C, Gilbert P, Read N, Goss K. An evaluation of the impact of introducing compassion focused therapy to a standard treatment programme for people with eating disorders. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2014;21(1):1–12.
Gilbert P. The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. Br J Clin Psychol. 2014;53(1):6-41.
Tirch D, Gilbert P. Compassion-focused therapy. In: Berlant L, editor. Working with emotion in cognitive-behavioral therapy: Techniques for clinical practice. Routledge; 2014. p.35–59.
Morris BA, Shakespeare-Finch J, Scott JL. Posttraumatic growth after cancer: the importance of health-related benefits and newfound compassion for others. Support Care Cancer. 2012; 20(4):749-56.
Alonso-Fernández M, López-López A, Losada A, González JL, Wetherell JL. Acceptance and commitment therapy and selective optimization with compensation for institutionalized older people with chronic pain. Pain Med. 2016;17(2):264-77.
Beck AT, Clark DA. Anxiety and depression: An information processing perspective. Anxiety Res. 1988;1(1): 23–36.
Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Carducci MA, Umbricht A, Richards WA, Richards BD, et al. Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with lifethreatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial. Psychopharmacol. 2016;30(12):1181–97.