The relationships between body image, hope, and successful aging of elders: a moderated mediation model of appearance management behavior

Main Article Content

Yeoun Kyoung Hwang
Chang Seek Lee

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to verify the moderated mediating model of management of appearance in the association between body image, hope, and successful aging of the elderly. For the analysis, using SPSS WIn.25.0 and PROCESS macro 3.5, we carried out descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and moderated mediation model analysis. The research results were as follows. First, Pearson correlation analysis showed statistically significant correlations between body image, hope, appearance management behavior, and successful aging. Second, hope had mediated in the link between body image and successful aging. Third, the relationship between body image and hope was moderated by management of appearance. Fourth, the association between hope and successful aging was moderated by management of appearance. Fifth, in the influence of body image on successful aging via hope, the moderated mediating effect of management of appearance was verified. This result will be used as a new model to promote successful aging of the elderly.

Article Details

How to Cite
1.
Hwang YK, Lee CS. The relationships between body image, hope, and successful aging of elders: a moderated mediation model of appearance management behavior. J Public Hlth Dev [Internet]. 2021 May 20 [cited 2024 Jul. 18];19(2):102-19. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/AIHD-MU/article/view/249681
Section
Original Articles
Author Biographies

Yeoun Kyoung Hwang, Multicultural Education and Welfare Institute, Hanseo University, Korea

Multicultural Education and Welfare Institute, Hanseo University, Korea

Chang Seek Lee, Department of Health, Counseling and Welfare, Hanseo University, Korea

Department of Health, Counseling and Welfare, Hanseo University, Korea

References

OECD. Social and Welfare Statistics [Internet]. [cited 2020 August 19]. Available from https://stats.oecd.org/ index.aspx?queryid=69414

Korea Statistics Office. 2020 Older People Statistics [Internet]. 2020. Available from https:// www.kostat. go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/1/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=385322

Angus, J., Reeve, P. Ageism: A threat to “aging well” in the 21st century. J Appl Gerontol. 2006; 25(2),137-152. doi:10.1177/0733464805285745

Ryff, C. D. Successful aging: A developmental approach. Gerontologist. 1982;22(2),209-214. doi:10.1093/geront/22.2.209

Jeon, B. J. Relationship between health status, successful aging by family type of elderly and moderating effects of social network. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2017;12(1): 203-216. doi:10.21097/ ksw.2017.02.12.1.203

Hwang, Y. K., Lee, C. S. Relationship between body image, growth mindset, grit, and successful aging in Korean elderly: Moderated mediation effect of hope. Medico Legal Update 2020;20(1):2196-2202. doi:10.37506/mlu.v20i1.707

Hwang, Y. K., Lee, C. S. The dual mediating effects of growth mindset and hope in the relationship between body image and successful aging of the elderly. Industrial Convergence Research. 2020;18(1), 87-96. doi:10. 22678/JIC.2020.18.1.087

Moraes, J. F. D. D. Factors associated with the successful aging of the socially-active elderly in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. Braz J Psychiatry. 2005;27(4):302-308. doi:10.1590/S1516-4446200 5000400009

Stokes, R., Frederick-Recascino, C. Women's perceived body image: relations with personal happiness. J Women Aging. 2003;15(1):17-29. doi:10.1300/ J074v15n01_03

Rowe, J. W., Kahn, R. L. Human aging: usual and successful. Science 1987;237(4811):143-149. doi:10.1126/science. 3299702

Rowe, J. W., Kahn, R. L. Successful aging 2.0: Conceptual expansions for the 21st century. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B 2015;70(4): 593-596. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbv025

Baltes, P. B., Baltes, M. M. Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation 1990;1–34. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511665684.003

Shin, Y. H., Lee, H. J. Factors associated with successful aging of Korean older people living in a city. Journal of Korea Gerontological Society [Internet]. 2009;29(4):1327-1340. Available from http:// scholar.dkyobobook.co.kr/searchDownload.laf?barcode=4010023770183&artId=10112869&gb=pdf&rePdf=pdf

Cash, T. F., Counts, B., Huffine, C. E. Current and vestigial effects of overweight among women: Fear of fat, attitudinal body image, and eating behaviors. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment [Internet]. 1990:12(2);157-167. Available from https://link.springer.com/content/ pdf/10.1007/BF00960765.pdf

Thompson, J. K. Body image disturbance: Assessment and treatment. New York: Pergamon Press 1990.

Cash, T. F., & Pruzinsky, T. Body image: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice. New York: The Guilford Press 2004.

Cash, T. F. The psychology of physical appearance: Aesthetics, attributes, and images. In T. F. Cash & T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body images: Development, deviance, and change. New York: Guilford Press 1990;51-79.

Brownell, K. D., Puhl, R. M., Schwartz, M. B., & Rudd, L. E. Weight bias: Nature, conse- quences, and remedies. Guilford Publications 2005.

Snyder, C. R. The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. New York: Simon and Schuster 1994.

Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., Harney, P. The will and the ways: development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991;60(4):570-585. doi:10.1037/ 0022-3514.60.4.570

Suls, J., Fletcher, B. The relative efficacy of avoidant and nonavoidant coping strategies: a meta-analysis. Health Psychol. 1985;4(3):249-288. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.249

Tennen, H., Affleck, G., Tennen R. Clipped feathers: The theory and measurement of hope. Psychol. Inq. [Internet]. 2002;13(4):311-317. Available from https://www.jstor.org/ stable/1448876

Ong, A. D., Standiford, T., Deshpande, S. Hope and stress resilience. In M. W. Gallagher & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Oxford library of psychology. The Oxford handbook of hope Oxford University Press 2018;255-284.

Bailey, T. C., Snyder, C. R. Satisfaction with life and hope: A look at age and marital status. Psychol. Rec. 2007;57(2):233-240. doi:10.1007/ BF03395574

Hwang, Y. K., Yoon, D. H., Lee, C. S. The dual mediating effects of self-esteem and hope in the relationship between boss’s incivility and life satisfaction. Medico Legal Update 2020: 20(1):1722-1727. doi:10.37506/ mlu.v20i1.623

Kim, Y. J., Lee, C. S. The mediating effect of hope between stress and suicidal ideation of adolescents. Journal of Digital Convergence. 2014;12(6);539-547. doi:10.14400/ JDC.2014. 12.6.

Hwang, Y. K., Ji, C. H., & Lee, C. S. (2019). Employment stress and the happiness of Korean university students: multiple mediating effect of growth mindset, grit and hope. Medico Legal Update, 19(2), 513-519. doi:10.5958/0974-1283.2019.00228.7

Kaiser, S. B. The social psychology of clothing symbolic appearances in context. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company 1990

Goffman, E. Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Simon and Schuster 2009

Kim, J. A., & Kim, Y. S. A study on the body cathexis and appearance management behaviors of high school girls. J Korean Home Econ Assoc. [Internet]. 2002;14(1):55-73. Available from http://www. dbpia. co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00509455

Lee, J. H., & Kim, C. S. Comparison of the purchase criteria and fashion information sources for the middle-aged and elderly women`s fashion markets segmented based on benefits sought. Fam. Environ. Res [Internet]. 2007;45(5):39-49. Available from http://kiss.kstudy. com/thesis/thesis-view.asp?key=2696610

Lee, Y. J., & Jung, C. J. Relationship Among Appearance Satisfaction, Appearance Behavior and School-related Adjustment of Elementary School Children. Journal of Korean Practical Arts Education. 2009;15(4):85-104. doi:10.17055/jpaer.2009.15.4.85

Lee, J. Y., & Wee, E. H. A study on the self-concept and the appearance management behavior in middle school students. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Education Association [Internet]. 2013;25(3): 19-38. Available from http://www.dbpia. co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId= NODE02303753

Kim, H. J., & Lee, O. R. (2011). The relations of dance majored high school students' body image, Appearance management behavior and eating disorder. Official Journal of Korean Society of Dance Science [Internet]. 2011;23:1-18. Available from: http://www. riss.kr.library.hanseo.ac. kr:8000/link?id=A104028974

Lee, I. S., & Yang, Y. M. The relationship among body image, appearance management behavior and psychosocial health of female undergraduates. Journal of the Korea Creative Content Association [Internet]. 2015;5(2):301-312. Available from: http://dx.doi.org.library.hanseo.ac.kr:8000/ 10.5392/JKCA.2015.15.02.301

Im, E. J., Ha. J. H., & 23Lee, G. J. The effects of university students’ body image on diet behavior and appearance management behavior [Internet]. 2017;23(1):501-511. Available from: http://www.riss.kr.library.hanseo.ac.kr:8000/link?id=A103859250

Lee, S. H., Kim, E. S., & Joo, Y. J. The effect of career women’s appearance management behaviors on cosmetics shopping trends & the purchase satisfaction degrees. Journal of the Korean Society Design Culture [Internet]. 2017;23(4):629-641. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.18208/ ksdc.2017.23.4.629

Lee, J. S., Im, H. S., Kim, E. J., & Kim, H. B. Conceptual structure of athletes' appearance management behaviors. The Korea Journal of Sport 2018;16(1):445-457. Available from: https://www.earticle.net/ Article/A325235

Chai, Y. A study about subjective age, appearance management behavior, and psychological health among women in their 60s [Internet]. 2018. Available from: http://www.riss.kr/link?id= T14746360

Kim, M. K. Mediation effect of appearance management behavior on the relationship between satisfaction of personal image and job search efficacy among female college students. Journal of Fashion Business [Internet]. 2018;22(4):160-177. Available from: http://dx.doi.org.library.hanseo.ac.kr: 8000/10.12940/jfb.2018.22.4.160

Hwang, Y. K., & Lee, C. S. Baby face makeup awareness and subjective wellbeing of Korean women: The dual mediation effects of makeup motivation and appearance management behavior. Indian J. Forensic Med. Toxicol. 2017;11(2):492-497. doi:10. 5958/0973-9130.2017.00172.4

Hwang, Y. K., & Lee, C. S. Baby face makeup awareness and subjective wellbeing of Korean women: The moderating effect of appearance management behavior. Int. J. Pure Appl. Math. [Internet]. 2018;118(24). Available from: https://acadpubl. eu/hub/2018-118-24/1/81.pdf

Cash, T. F. The multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire. Unpublished test manual, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 1990.

Cho, S. M., & Koh, A, R. The effects of sociocultural attitude toward appearance and body images on clothing benefits sought: the comparison of age difference in female adolescents. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles [Internet]. 2001;25(7):1227-1238. Available from: http://www. ndsl.kr/ndsl/search/detail/article/articleSearchResultDetail.do?cn=JAKO200111920933702&SITE=CLICK

Choi, Y. H., Lee, H. K., & Lee, D. G. Validation of the Korean version of Snyder’s dispositional hope scale. Korea Journal of Social and Personality Psychology [Internet]. 2008;22(2):1-16. Available from: http://www. dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06373290

Lee, C. S. Differences in the awareness of successful ageing between adolescents and old adults. Journal of Family Relations [Internet]. 2007;12(3): 85-107. Available from: http://kiss.kstudy.com/thesis/thesis-view.asp?key=2672040

Paik, J. E, & Choi, H. K. Successful aging according to Korean elderly: The definition, types, and predicting variables. Journal of Korean Home Management Association [Internet]. 2005;23(3):1229-1331. Available from: http://kiss.kstudy.com/public/ public2-article.asp?key=50237367

Lee, Y. J. Research on types of the old caring appearances according to their self-esteem and perception of physical attraction [Dissertation]. Daegu Haany University [Internet]. 2010. Available from: http://www.riss.kr/link?id= T11959738

Lee, H. J. Impact of image evaluation and image formation on career self-efficacy in college students [Dissertation]. Inha University [Internet]. 2008. Available from: http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11301645

Hayes, A. F. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford publications 2017.

Öberg, P., Tornstam, L. Youthfulness and fitness: Identity ideals for all ages? Journal of Aging and Identity 2001;6(1):15-29. doi:10.1023/ A:1009524612420