Heavy metal contamination at highland agricultural soil at Dan Sai District, Loei Province, Thailand
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Abstract
Although soil quality of highland was proper for cultivation, most farmers still used chemical substances i.e. pesticide, herbicide, and fertilizer. Chemical utilizaiton could cause hazard for human health because toxic contamination can transfer through food chain. Therefore, this study evaluated heavy metal contamination in agricultural soil at highland during dry season at Dan Sai District, Loei Province. Soil samples were randomly collected at 15 cm depth from top soil at paddy fields, pepper fields, banana fields, pineapple fields, and para tree fields because the heavy metal could be transferred from the soil to crop production. The results showed that maximum heavy metal contamination was iron (Fe 85.92–593.98 mg/kg), followed by magnesium (Mg 6.22.–23.67 mg/kg), copper (Cu 3.25–17.04 mg/kg), manganese (Mn 0.62–7.12 mg/kg) and zinc (Zn0.70–2.30 mg/kg), respectively. The pineapple field at high slope highland (HPi) was contaminated by Zn (2.30 mg/kg), Mg (23.67 mg/kg), and Fe (593.98 mg/kg). The soil of banana field at low slope highland (LB) was contaminatedby Mg 7.12 mg/kg. The soil of paddy field at low slope highland (LR) was contaminated by Cu 17.04 mg/kg. Average results of soil organic material were 0.08%-3.75%. The soil was under extreme and moderate acidic condition (pH 4.67-5.67). The acidic condition can extract Cu, Zn, Mg, and Fe from soils to leachate in form of bioavailability. The outcome of metal monitoring at agriucltural areas is useful for evaluating hazardous index and health risk assessment.
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