Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines during Delta and Omicron periods in Thailand: A test-negative, propensity score-weighted analysis

Authors

  • Kriengkrai Prasert
  • Sutthichai Nakpook
  • Suriya Noasri
  • Nichari Bamphensin
  • Kanlaya Sornwong
  • Nuddaporn Sripradit
  • Ratchadaporn Ungchcharoen
  • Sophon Iamsirithaworn
  • Chakrarat Pittayawonganon

Keywords:

Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, case control study, propensity score-weighted analysis

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Although COVID-19 vaccines have shown to be safe and efficacious, vaccine effectiveness studies are necessary to understand the real-world effectiveness in specific populations and time periods.                                                                                                Method: We conducted a vaccine effectiveness analysis on medical records from 90,436 symptomatic adults in four public hospitals in Thailand. We used a test-negative design with propensity-score weighting to compare the odds of positive SARS-CoV-2 test among vaccinated individuals to unvaccinated individuals. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic disease was estimated for receipt of primary series, one booster dose, and two booster doses, as well as the type of vaccines received and time since vaccination, during Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods.

Result: During Delta circulation, vaccine effectiveness was 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28-44%) for individuals who had completed a primary series and was highest when the last dose was received 90-179 days before symptom onset. During Omicron, vaccine effectiveness was observed for those who had received two booster doses (24%, 95% CI: 15-32%), and was highest when the second booster dose was received 14-89 days prior to symptom onset (39%, 95% CI: 30-47%). Vaccine effectiveness was highest for completion of an mRNA primary series during both Delta (90%, 95% CI: 64-97%) and Omicron (11%, 95% CI: 0-21%) time periods. Conclusion: Overall, we observed a decline in vaccine effectiveness from Delta to Omicron time periods; greatest protection during Omicron was seen with the completion of a second booster dose 14-89 days before symptom onset. These findings support continued outreach for second booster doses throughout Thailand and may inform COVID-19 vaccination schedules during future waves of infection.

References

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Published

2023-11-07

How to Cite

1.
Prasert K, Nakpook S, Noasri S, Bamphensin N, Sornwong K, Sripradit N, Ungchcharoen R, Iamsirithaworn S, Pittayawonganon C. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines during Delta and Omicron periods in Thailand: A test-negative, propensity score-weighted analysis. Nakhonphanom Hosp J [internet]. 2023 Nov. 7 [cited 2026 Jan. 23];10(3):e266837. available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/nkpjournal_9/article/view/266837

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023): September - December

Section

Original article

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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