Retrospective Analysis of Corneal Ectatic Disease and Associated Risk Factors at a Tertiary Hospital in Thailand

Abstract

Background: A study on the prevalence and related factors of corneal ectasia at the Ophthalmology department at Thammasat University Hospital. To provide public health information on ways to prevent corneal ectasia and its impact on vision impairment, blindness and other aspects of quality of life.
Methods: The study is retrospective and descriptive in nature, covering a period from 1^st January 2018 to 31^st December 2022 inclusive, conducted at Thammasat University Hospital.
Results: The data encompasses a total of 68 cases, with 64 (94.11%) cases attributed to keratoconus, 2 (2.94%) cases of pellucid marginal degeneration and 2 (2.94%) cases classified as unspecified corneal ectasia. The study reveals a gender distribution of 33 (48.53%) female patients to 35 (51.47%) male patients. The highest prevalence is found within the age group of 20-29 years (52.94%). Among the 68 cases, 49 individuals (72.05%) have a diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis. 55 individuals (80.88%) have a history of eye rubbing. 23 individuals (33.82%) have documented allergic rhinitis. 18 individuals (26.47%) have a history of wearing contact lenses. 10 individuals (14.70%) have a history of obstructive sleep apnea.
Conclusion: The study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and characteristics of corneal ectatic diseases, particularly keratoconus. These insights may contribute to a better understanding of the profile of patients with corneal ectatic diseases in the specified population, facilitating improved diagnosis in terms of more prompt detection and management strategies.