Development of Oral Health Literacy Model for Elementary School Students in Health Region 5
Keywords:
Health literacy model, Oral health literacy, Elementary school studentsAbstract
According to the 8th national oral health survey of Thailand, the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis in 12 years old school-aged group is 52.0% and 66.3%, respectively. The aim of this research and development was to develop an oral health literacy model in elementary school students in Health Region 5, Thailand. The study was divided into 3 phases. Phase 1 consisted of diagnosis of problems and identifying the needs of oral health literacy of elementary school students. Then, responses to questionnaires were collected from 400 students (grade 6) and interview questionnaires from school directors, teachers, dentists/dental hygienist and parents. Phase 2 consisted of implementation of the model in 40 students (grade 6). A model was developed consisting of 3 interventions, and 6-dimension questionnaires. Phase 3 consisted of evaluation of the model and interventions with questionnairesin 40 school students. The study was conducted from November 23, 2018 to April 30, 2019. The content validity of the instruments were 0.89 and the reliability of the questionnaire was 0.879. Statistical analysis was done using Paired t-test and content analysis. Results: There isinadequate equipment and teaching materials and students require proper dental care training using modern teaching materials and arrangement of activities. The model significantly increased the mean score of oral health literacy in all 6-dimensions ( = 2.50, S.D. = 0.11) and elementary school students reported that they had high ( = 3.54, S.D. = 0.14) satisfaction levels (at p-value .05). This model can be applied continuously in schools for improving oral health literacy in elementary school students.
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