Frailty in End-Stage Kidney Disease
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Abstract
Frailty is characterized by diminished physical, mental, and social responses to stress or illnesses. The functional decline results in impaired balance and movement of the body. Several adverse health outcomes associated with frailty include fall, dependence, disability, decreased quality of life, hospitalization, and mortality. A substantial number of patients with end-stage kidney disease suffer from frailty as a result of aging, malnutrition, muscle wasting and chronic inflammation. Making a diagnosis of frailty requires at least 3 of the following criteria: weakness, reduced physical activity, slowness, poor endurance, and weight loss. Understanding frailty allows early identification of risk factors and prompt diagnosis. Appropriate interventions such as resistance exercise and dietary counseling may reduce further complications and improve quality of life.
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