Prevalence of Tuberculosis Infection in People Living with HIV who Received Antiretroviral Therapy More Than 12 Months
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/dcj.2025.56Keywords:
TB infection, PLHIV, antiretroviral therapyAbstract
A retrospective study in people living with HIV (PLHIV) who had been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than one year and had a CD4 count greater than or equal to 200 cells/mm3 was conducted to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection and the treatment outcomes among PLHIV with TB co-infection. A total of 321 PLHIV from three hospitals, between September 1, 2023, and February 29, 2024, were screened for TB infection using two types of Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs): ELISA or ELISPOT. Of these, 51.4% were male with a median age of 48 years (19-74). Most had co-infection with hepatitis C virus and underlying dyslipidemia. The average duration since HIV diagnosis and treatment was 15 and 12 years, respectively. The prevalence of TB infection was found to be 6.9% (22 cases), with detection rates of 7.0% by ELISA and 6.7% by ELISPOT. Most HIV patients co-infected with TB had CD4 counts greater than 500 cells/mm3 and a viral load of less than or equal to 50 copies/mL. Those HIV patients diagnosed with TB co-infection were treated with either the 1HP regimen (2 patients) or the 3HP regimen (20 patients), and all were able to complete the full course of treatment. The most reported adverse event was dizziness, occurring in 3 patients (13.6%).
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