Diversity and distribution of wild mushrooms sold in community markets in risk areas of mushroom poisoning outbreak, Health Region 9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/dcj.2022.71Keywords:
diversity of wild mushrooms, distribution of wild mushrooms, wild mushrooms, community markets, mushroom poisoningAbstract
People consume natural wild mushrooms during the rainy season and harvest them to sell at community markets to generate earnings. Consumption of wild mushroom may contaminate with poisonous mushroom reported as higher incidence rate and deaths of mushroom poisoning. In this study, macroscopic features morphological technique was used to identify 44 wild mushroom samples collected from 8 markets in Chaiyaphum, Buriram and Surin provinces. The result showed that all edible mushrooms can be classified into 6 genera, 6 families, 4 orders and 2 classes in the phylum Basidiomycota. Most of agarics or gilled mushrooms were found (68.18%). Most of them belong to the genera Russula (Hed Khai) at 36.36% and the genera Amanita (Hed Ra-ngok) at 22.73%. A total of 16 mushroom species were found at the Huai Rai community market in Chaiyaphum province. Furthermore, the fruiting bodies of the egg, elongation, and mature stages of the genus Amanita were found in all markets. Patterns of mushroom selling were divided into 3 groups: group 1, 1-type fresh mushroom such as genus Amanita sp., Russula sp., Lentinus sp., Boletus sp., Termitomyces sp. or Astraeus sp.; group 2, mixed fresh mushrooms, particularly a mixture of 2 genera (Russula sp. and Boletus sp.); and group 3, 1-type boiled mushroom such as Astraeus odoratus Phosri, Watling, M.P. Martín & Whalley, Boletus griseipurpureus Corner and Russula delica Fr. In brief, the results from this study indicated that wild mushroom diversity and abundance were still lack of control, particularly mushrooms in different or modified forms such as boiled mushrooms, trimmed mushrooms, tiny egg stage mushrooms, mixed fresh mushrooms and uncompleted parts of mushroom. For this reason, the poisonous mushroom is quite difficult to differentiate from the edible mushroom, because they share similar morphological structures. Above all, community-based poisonous wild mushroom surveillance should be set up and conducted throughout every rainy season to prevent the mushroom poisoning outbreaks in the community.
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