Laboratory and field evaluation on the efficacy of temephos for larval control of insecticide resistant strains of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/dcj.2021.65Keywords:
Aedes aegypti larvae, insecticide resistance, temephos sand granule, bioefficacy assay, chemical properties, physical propertiesAbstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioefficacy assays as well as physical and chemical properties of larvicides, temephos 1% w/w sand granule (SG) collected from Chanthaburi, Nakhon Pathom, Kanchanaburi, and Phitsanulok Provinces. The bioefficacy assays were performed under laboratory and field conditions against the late 3rd to early 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti L. collected from 4 Provinces the same places that temephos SG products were collected and compared with laboratory susceptible strain. The results showed that Ae. aegypti larvae from 4 Provinces showed resistance to temephos at WHO diagnostic concentration (0.012 mg/L), Chanthaburi and Kanchanaburi populations with high level of resistance to temephos (13.5 and 66.0% mortality, respectively), but moderately levels were demonstrated in Nakhon Pathom and Phitsanulok populations (88.0 and 90.0% mortality, respectively). Laboratory bioefficacy of temephos 1% w/w SG against the laboratory and field strains of Ae. aegypti larvae, 100% mortality was achieved. Field bioefficacy, showed very low larval mortality for Chanthaburi, Kanchanaburi, and Phitsanulok populations ranged from 0 to 5% while larvae from Nakhon Pathom Province had 83.3% mortality. Laboratory strain was found to be sensitive to temephos from three Provinces, except Nakhon Pathom Province with 93.3% mortality. For chemical properties of temephos in temephos SG products collected from 4 Provinces were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), only temephos from Chanthaburi Province did not pass the criteria. Physical properties by sieve analysis, all temephos were considered passing the criteria. The study concluded that all temephos products obtained from 4 Provinces were effective to kill the laboratory larval strain of Ae. aegypti, but were ineffective in field tests against all field populations, confirming various levels of temephos resistance in these 4 Provinces. Therefore, alternative methods should be considered for larval control in these study areas. Regular monitoring for insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti larvae and adults is also necessary to improve the management of mosquito control.
Downloads
References
Rawlins SC. Spatial distribution of insecticide resistance in Caribbean populations of Aedes aegypti and its significance. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 1998;4(4):243-51.
Sunthorntham P. Key factors influencing the effectiveness of dengue prevention by using temephos sand granules. FDA Journal. 2012;19(3):26-35.
Thadtong U, Glamseeda T, Ritthison W. Insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti larvae against temephos in Rayong Province. Office of Disease Prevention and Control Journal. 2015;6(1):50-7.
Resti R, Gusti F, Hasmiwati. Susceptibility status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity on Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae against temephos. J Entomol Res. 2020:44(1):93-8.
World Health Organization (WHO). 2006. Pesticides and their application – For the control of vectors and pests of public health importance. 6th ed. Document WHO/CDS/NTD/WHOPES/GCDPP/2006.1.
Chareonviriyaphap T, Aum-aung B, Ratanatham S. Current insecticide resistance patterns in mosquito vectors in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1999;30:184-94.
Chareonviriyaphap T, Bangs MJ, Suwonkerd W, Kongmee M, Corbel V, Ngoen-Klan R. Review of insecticide resistance and behavioral avoidance of vectors of human diseases in Thailand. Parasit Vectors. 2013;6:280-308.
Jirakanjanakit N, Saengtharatip S, Rongnoparut P, Duchon S, Bellec C, Yoksan S. Trend of temephos resistance in Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes in Thailand during 2003-2005. Environ Entomol 2007;36(3):506-11.
World Health Organization (WHO). Vector resistance to pesticides: fifteenth report of the WHO Expert Committee on Vector Biology and Control. Geneva, Switzerland, 1992. p. 61.
Paeporn P, Supaphathom K, Sathantriphop S. Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes aegypti in different parts of Thailand, 2006-2010. J Vector Borne Dis. 2011;9:8-16.
Division of vector born disease. Summary of Dengue Fever Situation Report 2015-2017 [Internet]. [cited 2018 Dec 17]. Available form: http://www.thaivbd.org/dengue_history.php
World Health Organization (WHO). Instructions for determining the susceptibility or resistance of mosquito larvae to insecticides. Geneva: Switzerland; 1981.
World Health Organization (WHO). Test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosquitoes. Global Malaria Programme, 2nd ed. Geneva: Switzerland; 2016.
Chemical control section. National Institute of Health. Department of Medical Sciences. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP 13-02-291) for bio efficacy of insecticides against Aedes aegypti larvae.
Abbott WS. A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1925;3:302-3.
Henriet J, Martijn A, Povlsen HH, editors. Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council (CIPAC): 340/GR/M/3 Temephos granular. CIPAC Handbook C1. Cambridge. Heffers Printer. 1985: p.2233.
World Health Organization (WHO). Full specification for Temephos WHO/SIT/19.R4. Revised 10 December 1999 incorporating WHO/SIF/34.R3 and WHO/SIF/40.R1 (Superseded).
Arsarin B, Rammakot P, Ounavin V, Pama P, Phothimon S. Temephos resistance of Aedes aegypti larvae in the area covered by the Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 8, Udon Thani. Disease Control Journal. 2019;45(4):431-8.
Tepnow W, Chaona N, Rithjeen D, Parnkrow S. Susceptibility to temephos, alphacypermethrin, deltamethrin, lamda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin to Aedes aegypti in Buriram Province. DPC 9 J. 2018;24(2):17-25.
Bang YH, Tonn RJ. Evaluation of 1% Abate (OMS786) sand granules for the control of Aedes ageypti larvae in potable water. WHO/VBC/69 1969; 121: 10 pp.
Ya-umphan P, Sathantriphop S, Mukkhun P, Ritthison W, Paeporn P. Development of thermal fogging insecticide products for control of Aedes aegypti susceptible and resistant strains to insecticides, vector of dengue and Zika. Unpublished raw data 2020.
Bisset JA, Rodríguez MM, Piedra LA, Cruz M, Gutiérrez G, Ruiz A. Reversal of resistance to the larvicide temephos in an Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) laboratory strain from Cuba. J Med Entomol. 2020;57(3):801-6.
Pankeaw K, Sinakom B, Aumaung B. Field studies on efficiency of temephos, diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) against Aedes aegypti (L.). Lanna Public Health J. 2020;16(1):32-45.
Marcombe S, Chonephetsarath S, Thammavong P, Brey PT. Alternative insecticides for larval control of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in Lao PDR: insecticide resistance and semi-field trial study. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11(1):616.
Ya-ooup K, Kulhong B, Soonchan P. Efficacy of fishes for control Aedes aegypti larvae. Journal of the Office of DPC 7 Khon Kaen. 2015;22(1):49-55.
Digma JR, Sumalde AC, Salibay CC. Laboratory evaluation of predation of Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Diptera:Culicidae) on three mosquito vectors of arboviruses in the Philippines. Bio Control. 2019;137:104009.
Bellinato DF, Viana-Medeiros PF, Araújo SC, Martins AJ, Lima JB, Valle D. Resistance status to the insecticides temephos, deltamethrin, and diflubenzuron in Brazilian Aedes aegypti populations. Biomed Res Int. 2016:8603263. doi: 10.1155/2016/8603263.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Articles published in the Disease Control Journal are considered as academic work, research or analysis of the personal opinion of the authors, not the opinion of the Thailand Department of Disease Control or editorial team. The authors must be responsible for their articles.
.png){kind=logo}
