Laboratory and field evaluation on the efficacy of temephos for larval control of insecticide resistant strains of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/dcj.2021.65Keywords:
Aedes aegypti larvae, insecticide resistance, temephos sand granule, bioefficacy assay, chemical properties, physical propertiesAbstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioefficacy assays as well as physical and chemical properties of larvicides, temephos 1% w/w sand granule (SG) collected from Chanthaburi, Nakhon Pathom, Kanchanaburi, and Phitsanulok Provinces. The bioefficacy assays were performed under laboratory and field conditions against the late 3rd to early 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti L. collected from 4 Provinces the same places that temephos SG products were collected and compared with laboratory susceptible strain. The results showed that Ae. aegypti larvae from 4 Provinces showed resistance to temephos at WHO diagnostic concentration (0.012 mg/L), Chanthaburi and Kanchanaburi populations with high level of resistance to temephos (13.5 and 66.0% mortality, respectively), but moderately levels were demonstrated in Nakhon Pathom and Phitsanulok populations (88.0 and 90.0% mortality, respectively). Laboratory bioefficacy of temephos 1% w/w SG against the laboratory and field strains of Ae. aegypti larvae, 100% mortality was achieved. Field bioefficacy, showed very low larval mortality for Chanthaburi, Kanchanaburi, and Phitsanulok populations ranged from 0 to 5% while larvae from Nakhon Pathom Province had 83.3% mortality. Laboratory strain was found to be sensitive to temephos from three Provinces, except Nakhon Pathom Province with 93.3% mortality. For chemical properties of temephos in temephos SG products collected from 4 Provinces were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), only temephos from Chanthaburi Province did not pass the criteria. Physical properties by sieve analysis, all temephos were considered passing the criteria. The study concluded that all temephos products obtained from 4 Provinces were effective to kill the laboratory larval strain of Ae. aegypti, but were ineffective in field tests against all field populations, confirming various levels of temephos resistance in these 4 Provinces. Therefore, alternative methods should be considered for larval control in these study areas. Regular monitoring for insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti larvae and adults is also necessary to improve the management of mosquito control.
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