Anopheles species composition in malaria high-risk areas in Ranong Province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/dcj.2020.45Keywords:
Anopheles mosquitoes, malaria, high malaria transmission areaAbstract
This survey research aimed at studying Anopheles species composition, feeding habits, trends of malaria vector, and meteorological factors in high malaria transmission areas of Ranong Province. A total of 689 adult mosquitoes were collected from two villages using human landing catch method from 06:00 PM to 06:00 AM between May and July 2017. Morphologic Identification of Anopheles mosquitoes was performed using a stereo microscope. The salivary glands’ genomic DNA of Anopheles mosquitoes were individually examined for the infection with malarial parasites by polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The research results regarding diversity and feeding habits showed five Anopheles species including Anopheles dirus complex (52%), Anopheles minimus complex (44.67%), Anopheles maculatus complex (0.33%), Anopheles barbirostris/campestris (0.33%), and Anopheles umbrosus group (2.67%). An. dirus complex and An. minimus complex were found in every month throughout the study period and throughout the night. An. maculatus complex were merely found in June, while An. barbirostris/campestris was found only in May. An. umbrosus group was found in June and May and during the first half of the night (06:00 PM-12:00 PM). None of salivary glands’ genomic DNA Anopheles mosquito were positive with PCR for Plasmodium spp. parasites. Relative humidity and temperature did not affect the density of all Anopheles. The increased rainfall was associated with a decrease in the number of Anopheline mosquitoes. Increasing in rainfall had negative impact on the density of An. barbirostris and An. Campestris to the extent that these two mosquito species could no longer be collected. Nonetheless, the increase in rainfall was found to have less impact on An. maculatus complex. Research findings of this study can be applied for effective surveillance, prevention and control of malaria.
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