Statistical correlations between infection of dengue viruses, chikungunya virus, measles, rubella and children with microcephaly less than one year of age in Thailand, 2014
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/dcj.2016.2Keywords:
statistical correlations, dengue viruses, chikungunya virus, measles, rubella, child with microcephalyAbstract
Brazil has had the overwhelming outbreak of Zika virus that has coincident increasing numbers of neonatal microcephaly. The symptoms are similar to other arbovirus and Zika virus infection is also transmitted by the same species of mosquito as dengue virus that has caused considerable disease burden in Thailand. To explore a possibility of Zika virus linked to microcephaly, a cross sectional was conducted to describe correlations between infection of dengue viruses, chikungunya virus, measles, rubella and children diagnosed with microcephaly at less than one year of age in Thailand. The databases on Bureau of Policy and Strategy, Ministry of Public Health were queried for microcephaly with ICD-10-Q2 documented in 2014. We analyzed information of dengue fever, chikungunya, measles and rubella cases in 2013, of which were reported through the national disease surveillance system to the information center at Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control. Prevalence of microcephaly and morbidity rates of all diseases were explored during one-year lag using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. There were 31 cases and prevalence of neonatal micro¬cephaly was 4.36 cases per 100,000 live births. Among children with microcephaly less than one year of age, there were 159 cases (an age-specific prevalence was 22.34 cases per 100,000 populations). The northeastern region had the highest prevalence per 100,000 populations. Twelve clusters (27 cases) from 11 provinces were detected. There was a statistical correlation between the age-specific prevalence of microcephaly in children less than one year of age and morbidity rate of dengue virus in females between 15-44 years (r = 0.32, p = 0.004), but were not found any statistical correlations in morbidity rate of chikungunya virus, measles and rubella in females between 15-44 years. The results could estimate a burden of microcephaly in Thailand, but clearly this was not true of prevalence. A prospective cohort study needs to be further conducted in the future. Serious investigation of dengue fever in pregnant women should be set as the first priority on surveillance of neonatal microcephaly to explore possible linkage with Zika virus infection
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