A literature systematic review: the effects of stigma on people affected by leprosy, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/dcj.2018.3Keywords:
leprosy, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, stigmaAbstract
This systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the effects of stigma on people affected by leprosy, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS including the effects on the prevention and control of the diseases. Research articles on leprosy/tuberculosis/HIV and (delay or stigma or treatment or mental health or impact) published after the year 2000 were purposively selected. In the search, 54 articles fit with the pre-set criteria were included in the content analysis process. It was found that stigma negatively impacted people affected by leprosy, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS resulting in delayed treatment, non-adherence, non-disclosure of disease status, mental health problems, and disruptive marriage life and occupation. These consequences hindered the success of the prevention and control program. Stigma reduction was suggested to be one of the key strategies of the national strategic plan that practically implemented under seriously monitoring process. Further study was suggested to be conducted focusing on the causes and determinants of stigma towards leprosy, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS; other causes than stigma that impact affected people, the prevention and control program in either positive or negative way; and de-stigmatizing interventions implemented to date. Future de-stigmatizing interventions should be performed in tailor made manner. Integration between de-stigmatizing intervention of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS was also suggested.
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References
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33. Murray EJ, Bond VA, Marais BJ, Godfrey-Fauss- ett p, Ayles HM, Beyers N. High level of vulnerability and anticipated stigma reduce the impetus for tuberculosis diagnosis in Cape town, South Africa. Health policy plan 2013;28:410-8.
34. Mekonnen H. Stigma towards tuberculosis pa¬tients in Shasemene town [dissertation]. Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University; 2004.
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45. Mburu G, Hodgson I, Kalibala ร, Haamujompa c, Cataldo F, Elizabeth D Lowenthal, et al. Adolescent HIV disclosure in Zambia: barriers, facilitators and outcome. J Int AIDS Soc [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2017 May 12];17:18866. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.7448/ IAS. 17.1.18866
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47. Tsutsumi A, Izutsu T, Akramul Islam MD, Amed JU, Nakahara S, Takagi F, et al. Depressive status of leprosy patients in Bangladesh: associ¬ation with self-perception of stigma. Lepr Rev 2004; 75:57-66.
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3. UNAIDS. HIV and AIDS estimates (2015) [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017Apr30].Availablefrom:http://www.unaids.org/en/
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4. AVERTing HIV and AIDS. HIV and AIDS in Thailand [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.avert.org/profes- sionals/hiv-around-world/asia-pacific/ thailand
5. Raj Pracha Samasai Institute. 2015 leprosy situation. Nonthaburi: Raj Pracha Samasai Institute; 2016.
6. กองแผนงาน กรมควบคุมโรค. เอกสารประกอบ การประชุมเซิงปฏิบัติการเพื่อเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพ การขับเคลื่อนกรอบแผนยุทธศาสตร์ 20 ปี เพื่อ พัฒนาการป้องกันควบคุมโรคและภัยสุขภาพแห่ง ชาติ ระยะปฏิรูป (2560-2564); วันที่ 3-4 พฤษภาคม 2560; จังหวัดอยุธยา. นนทบุรี: กอง แผนงาน; 2560.
7. World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia. Global Strategy 2016-2020 [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Apr 22]. Available from: http://www.searo.who.int
8. World Health Organization. The End TB Strategy [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Apr 22]. Available from: http://WWW.who.int/tb/post201 5_ TBstrategy.pdf?ua= 1
9. World Health Organization. Guidelines for social mobilization [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Apr 22]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/ bitstream/10665/66701/1 / WHO_CDS_ST- B_2001.9.pdf
10. UNAIDS. Global AIDS update 2016 [Internet], 2017 [cited 2017 Apr 30]. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/ media_asset/global- AIDS- update - 2016_ en.pdf
11. ILEP. Guideline to reduce stigma: guide 1. London and Amsterdam: The International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Association (ILEP) and the Netherlands Leprosy Relief (NLR); 2011.
12. Nicholls PG, Wiens c, Smith wc. Delay in presentation in the context of local knowledge and attitude towards leprosy--the results of qualitative fieldwork in Paraguay. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 2003;71:198-209.
13. Burathoki K, Varkevisser c, Lever p, Vink M, Sitaula N. Gender, leprosy and leprosy control: a case study in the far west and eastern develop¬ment region, Nepal. Amsterdam; KIT: 2004.
14. de Stigter DH. Leprosy: between acceptance and segregation. Community behaviour towards persons affected by leprosy in eastern Nepal. Lepr Rev 2000;71:492-8.
15. Idawani c, Yulizar M, Lever p, Varkevisser c. Gender, leprosy and leprosy control: a case study in Aceh, Indonesia. Amsterdam: KIT; 2002.
16. Alubo o, Patrobas p, Varkevisser c, Lever p. Gender, leprosy and leprosy control: a case study in Plateau State, Nigeria. Amsterdam: KIT; 2003.
17. Moreira T, Varkevisser c. Gender, leprosy and leprosy control: a case study in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Amsterdam: KIT; 2002.
18. Jittimanee sx, Nateniyom ร, Kittikraisak พ, Burapat c, Akksilp ร, Chumpathat N, et al. Social stigma and knowledge of tuberculosis and HIV among patients with both diseases in Thailand. PLoS One 2009;4:e6360.
19. Kipp AM. Tuberculosis stigma, AIDS stigma, and tuberculosis control in Southern Thailand [dissertation]. North Carolina: University of North Carolina; 2009.
20. Pungrassami p, Kipp AM, Stewart PW, Chongsuvivatwong V, Strauss RP, Rie A Van. Tuberculosis and AIDS stigma among patients who delay seeking care for tuberculosis symtoms. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2010;14:181-7.
21. Ngamvithayapong J, Winkvist A, Diwan V. High AIDS awareness may cause tuberculosis patient delay: results from an HIV epidemic area, Thai¬land. AIDS 2000;14:1413-9.
22. D Skinner, M Claassens. It’s complicated: why do toberculosis is patients not initiate or stay adherent to treatment? A qualitative study from South Africa. BMC infect Dis 2016;16:712.
23. Valerie M0ller, Ida Erstad, Jane M Cramm, Anna p Nieboer, Harry Finkenflugel, Sarah Radloff, et al. Delays in presenting for tuberculosis treat¬ment associated with fear of learning one is HIV-positive. Afr J AIDS Res 2011;10:25-36.
24. Thanawuth N, Chongsuvivatwong V. Late HIV diagnosis and delay in CD4 count measurement among HIV-infected patients in Southern Thai¬land. AIDS Care 2008;20:43-50.
25. Social Research Institute. Employment discrimi¬nation to people with HIV infection [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 May 11].Availablefrom:http://library.nhrc.or.th/ulib/document/Full- text/F07989.pdf
26. Sarah Treves-Kagan, Wayne T. Steward, Lebo- gang Ntswane, Robin Haller, Jennifer M. Gilvy- dis, Harnik Gulati, et al. Why increasing avail¬ability of ART is not enough:a rapid,community-based study on how HIV-related stigma impacts engagement to care in rural South Africa. BMC Public Health 2016;16:87.
27. Sarit A. Golub, Kristi E. Gamarel. The impact of anticipated HIV stigma on delay in HIV testing behaviors: findings from a community-based sample of men who have sex with men and transgender women in New York city. AIDS patient care and STDs 2013;27:621-7.
28. Arnold EA, Rebchook GM, Kegeles SM. ‘Triply cursed’: racism, homophobia and HIV-related stigma are barriers to regular HIV testing, treat¬ment adherence and disclosure among young Black gay men. Cult Health Sex 2014;16:710-22.
29. Sermrittirong ร, van Brakel WH. Assessing the attitudes and perceptions of community members and health workers regarding leprosy stigma. Int J Trop Dis Health 2015;5:11-24.
30. วีณา พริ้มแก้ว, จิตต์ลัดดา สุภานันทแสงระวี รัศมี แจ่ม, สิริโฉม ณ สงขลา, วิจิตรา ธาริสุวรรณ. พฤติกรรมที่ส่งผลต่อการตีตราในโรคเรื้อนในอำเภอ นาดูน จังหวัดมหาสารคาม. วารสารวิชาการสำนักงาน ป้องกันควบคุมโรคที่ 5 จังหวัดนครราชสีมา 2555; 18:7-21.
31. Heijnders ML. Experiencing leprosy: perceiving and coping with leprosy and its treatment. A qualitative study conducted in Nepal. Lepr Rev 2004;75:327-37.
32. Dodor EA, Kelly ร, Neal K. Health professionals as stigmatisers of tuberculosis: insights from community members and patients with TB in an urban district in Ghana. Psychol Health Med 2009;14:301-10.
33. Murray EJ, Bond VA, Marais BJ, Godfrey-Fauss- ett p, Ayles HM, Beyers N. High level of vulnerability and anticipated stigma reduce the impetus for tuberculosis diagnosis in Cape town, South Africa. Health policy plan 2013;28:410-8.
34. Mekonnen H. Stigma towards tuberculosis pa¬tients in Shasemene town [dissertation]. Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University; 2004.
35. Gelaw M, Genebo T, Dejene A, Lemma E, Eyob G. Attitude and social consequences of tuberculoss in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. East Afr Med J 2001;78:382-8.
36. Gugssa Bom c, Tariku ร, Issa Bilal A. Factors contributing to non-adherence with treatment among TB patients in Sodo Woreda, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A qualitative study. J Infect Public Health [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 May ll];10:527-33. Available from: http: / / WWW.elsevier.com/ locate / jiph
37. Isaakidis p, Rangan ร, Pradhan A, Ladomirska J, Reid T, Kielmann K. ‘I cry every day’: experi¬ences of patients CO-infected with HIV and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Trop Med Int Health 2013;18:1128-33.
38. Rajesh D. Deshmukh, D. J. Dhande, Kuldeep Singh Sachdeva, Achuthan Sreenivas, A. M. V. Kumar, Srinath Satyanarayana, et a. Patient and provider reported reasons for lost to follow up in MDR-TB treatment: a qualitative study from a drug resistant TB center in India. PLoS One 2015;10:e0135802.
39. Anne Lia Cremers, Myrthe Manon de Laat, Nathan Kapata, Rene Gerrets, Kerstin Klip- stein-Grobusch, Martin Peter Grobusch. Assessing the consequences of stigma for tuberculosis patients in Urban Zambia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119861.
40. Li MJ, Murray JK, Suwanteerangkul J, Wiwat- tanadate p. Stigma, social support, and treatment adherence among HIV-positive patients in Chiang Mai, Thailand. AIDS Educ Prev 2014; 26:471-83.
41. Evangeli M, Newell ML, Richter L, McGrath N. The association between self-reported stigma and loss-to-follow up in treatment eligible HIV positive adults in rural Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS One [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2017 May 12];9:e88235. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 24586310
42. Been SK, van de Vijver DA, Nieuwkerk PT, Brito I, Stutterheim SE, Bos AE, et ฟ. Risk factors for non-adherance to cART in immigrants with HIV living in the Netherlands: results from the Rotterdam ADherence (ROAD) project. PLoS One 2016;ll:e0162800.
43. Sumari-de Boer JM, Sprangers MAG, Prins JM, Nieuwkerk PT. HIV stigma and depression symptoms are related to adherence and virological response to antiretroviral treatment among immi¬grant and indigenous HIV Infected patients. AIDS Behav 2012;16:1681-9.
44. Daftary A, Padayatchi N. Social costraints to TB/HIV healthcare: accounts from coinfected patients in South Africa. AIDS Care [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 May 12];24:1480-6. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/ doi/full/10.1080/09540121.2012.672719
45. Mburu G, Hodgson I, Kalibala ร, Haamujompa c, Cataldo F, Elizabeth D Lowenthal, et al. Adolescent HIV disclosure in Zambia: barriers, facilitators and outcome. J Int AIDS Soc [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2017 May 12];17:18866. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.7448/ IAS. 17.1.18866
46. Burapat c, Kittikraisak พ, Kevin p Cain, Tasaneeyapan T, Nateniyom S, Akksilp S. Health-seeking behavior among HIV-infected patients treated for TB in Thailand. Southeast Asain J Trop Med Public Health [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2017 May ท];40:1335-46. Available from: http://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/ 2009-40-6/24-4525.pdf
47. Tsutsumi A, Izutsu T, Akramul Islam MD, Amed JU, Nakahara S, Takagi F, et al. Depressive status of leprosy patients in Bangladesh: associ¬ation with self-perception of stigma. Lepr Rev 2004; 75:57-66.
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2018-03-30
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เสริมฤทธิรงค์ ศ, ธัญญกิตติกุล พ, พลเดช ช. A literature systematic review: the effects of stigma on people affected by leprosy, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Dis Control J [Internet]. 2018 Mar. 30 [cited 2024 Dec. 20];44(1):19-2. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/DCJ/article/view/146496
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Articles published in the Disease Control Journal are considered as academic work, research or analysis of the personal opinion of the authors, not the opinion of the Thailand Department of Disease Control or editorial team. The authors must be responsible for their articles.
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