The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Sporicidal activity mechanism of lactic acid and peracetic acid on bovine pathogenic Bacillus cereus spores

Xin Zhang — 2026-08-27

In recent years, the pathogenicity of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) has increased significantly, its host adaptability has continued to expand, and the infection spectrum has also expanded. At the same time, food contamination by B. cereus is also common. Therefore, it is of practical significance to select green, safe and effective inhibitors. Lactic acid (LA) and peroxyacetic acid (PAA) possess good antibacterial properties, making them environmentally friendly, safe, and non-toxic. The purpose of this experiment was to preliminarily explore the inhibition mechanism of LA and PAA on B. cereus spores. The effects of LA and PAA on B. cereus spores were evaluated by measuring the MIC and MBC of LA and PAA inhibiting B. cereus spores, the effect of spore germination, the turbidity of spore suspension (OD₆₀₀), the release of macromolecules in spores, the content of ROS in spores, the release of DPA in spores and the hydrophobicity of spore surface. The results showed that the MIC and MBC of LA against spores were 0.315% and 40.375%, respectively, and the MIC and MBC of PAA against spores were 0.030% and 0.119%, respectively. Different concentrations of LA and PAA could decrease the spore germination rate, spore suspension turbidity, and spore hydrophobicity of B. cereus, and also increase the release of macromolecules in B. cereus spores, the content of spore reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the release of spore dipicolinic acid (2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, DPA). The above results showed that LA and PAA could inactivate B. cereus spores by damaging the integrity of the cell membrane and cell wall of spores.

Distribution of urinary calculi and its association with clinical and laboratory findings in dogs and cats with stone analysis at Chulalongkorn Animal Teaching Hospital, Thailand (2020-2024)

Tanattha Ladabornvidhaya — 2026-08-27

Urinary calculi are commonly encountered in veterinary practice; however, information regarding their distribution of stone that underwent analysis and associated clinical findings remains limited. This study investigated the distribution of urolithiasis and the associations between stone types and clinical and laboratory findings in dogs and cats presented to the Chulalongkorn Small Animal Teaching Hospital between 2020 and 2024. The three most common stone types in both species were calcium oxalate (CaOx), struvite, and urate, with relatively stable trends over the 5-year period. Small-breed dogs had a higher risk of developing CaOx urolithiasis than medium-breed dogs (OR = 10.4, 95% CI = 4.64–22.45, P < 0.001), whereas medium-breed dogs were at greater risk for urate (OR = 8.0, 95% CI = 2.98–22.93, P < 0.001) and cystine urolithiasis (OR = 92.9, 95% CI = 13.59–1021, P < 0.001). Uroliths were most commonly found in the urinary bladder of older intact male dogs and neutered male cats. Calcium oxalate uroliths were associated with the highest age at presentation and the longest recurrence period. Female dogs were 12.5 times more likely to develop struvite than CaOx urolithiasis. Compared with dogs with CaOx urolithiasis, dogs with struvite urolithiasis more frequently exhibited anorexia, urinary incontinence, hematuria, higher urine pH, bacteriuria, pyuria, and increased white blood cell counts, suggesting urinary tract infection. Urinary crystals were infrequently detected despite confirmed urolithiasis and were not specific to stone type. These findings provide useful information for the diagnosis and management of canine and feline urolithiasis.

Minimally invasive percutaneous endoscopic foraminotomy and discectomy in a French Bulldog with intervertebral disc extrusion

Tanhatai Krajarngjang — 2026-08-27

A six-year-old female French Bulldog was referred for neurological diagnostic tests and treatment for progressive paraparesis over an 8-day period. The dog had a history of intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) surgical correction two years prior. Neurological examination revealed T3–L3 myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar spine confirmed IVDE with spinal cord compression at T13–L1. A minimally invasive percutaneous endoscopic foraminotomy and discectomy (PEFD) was performed to remove the extruded disc material. The patient regained the ability to stand and showed voluntary limb movement 48 hours post-surgery. At the 4-week follow-up, the patient showed a complete recovery to her baseline neurological status. No complications were reported. Beyond a smaller incision, minimally invasive spinal surgery (MISS) offers advantages, including reduced muscular trauma, minimal blood loss, and decreased postoperative pain. Furthermore, the magnification and illumination provided by MISS offer superior visualization compared to conventional open surgery, presenting an advantage for procedures in delicate areas requiring high precision.