https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/tjvm <p><em>The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine</em> publishes articles reporting interdisciplinary investigations concerning veterinary and animal sciences, at all levels of resolution, from basic to clinical, molecular to behavioral, and opinions that are of general interest to the broad community of veterinarians and biological scientists. Clinical or pathological investigations, protocols and reviews will also be considered for publication if they provide significant insight into the structure or function, the pathophysiology of a disease, or its treatment.&nbsp;</p> Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University en-US The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/tjvm/article/view/273379 <p>Swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis carabanensis) has long been integral to agriculture and has served as an essential source of food security in Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand. Despite their economic and cultural significance, swamp buffaloes have been at risk of declining populations due to low fertility rates. This review provides a comprehensive overview of swamp buffalo reproduction, examining past and present practices, identifying gaps in the literature, and exploring potential future directions for improving reproductive efficiency. This examination investigates the domestic buffalo's reproductive anatomy and physiology, providing a comparative analysis among ruminants. Recent advancements in assisted reproductive technologies offer substantial opportunities to enhance fertility, but the conception rate is still low (30 to 50%) in this species. Research on the cellular and molecular aspects of implantation and uterine receptivity in buffalo is still limited despite its critical importance for improving fertility, considering the high incidence of pregnancy loss during early gestation. An in vitro endometrial cell culture system offers insight into the maternal-embryonic crosstalk during this critical period. Understanding these intricate mechanisms is crucial for developing more effective reproductive strategies and accelerating genetic enhancement, thereby enhancing fertility rates and supporting the sustainability of swamp buffalo populations.</p> Ruchikon Jongsuwanwattana Theerawat Swangchan-Uthai Sudson Sirivaidyapong Copyright (c) 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-08-26 2024-08-26 54 2 115 124