Challenges and prospects of the embryo transfer industry from a European standpoint

Abstract

In vivo derived (IVD) and in vitro produced (IVP) embryo transfers are respectively the 2nd and 3rd generations of the reproductive biotechnologies. Commercial application of these technologies began in the seventies for the former and in the eighties for the latter. After 40 years, they have clearly proved their sustainability to the livestock industry. The present article deals with bovine embryos only. The numbers of embryos collected or produced and transferred worldwide are reported in the first part. About one million bovine embryos are transferred each year. This clearly shows the significant impact they have on the cattle industry. The second part describes the three main criteria used to assess the goal of this technology, i.e. to benefit farmers. The three criteria are: (1) the genomic selection tools being developed for these reproductive biotechnologies through ongoing scientific research, (2) the technical expertise of veterinarians and technicians in achieving the highest conception rate as possible and (3) the sanitary care required for safe transfers of pathogen-free embryos. The challenge to the ET industry is to improve sustainability. The high level of scientific research, technical expertise and professionalism of all scientists, veterinarians and technicians involved in the germplasm industry shapes a bright future of these biotechnologies.