Evaluation of the posterior segment of the dromedary camel’s eye using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)

Abstract

The dromedary camel possesses unique ocular adaptations enabling survival in harsh desert environments. This study aimed to characterize the posterior segment of the dromedary camel’s eye using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and fundus photography. Fourteen healthy adult camels were sedated and imaged. High-resolution OCT images enabled clear visualization and measurement of the retina, choroid, and sclera. The retina exhibited well-defined layers, including the retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptor layer, plexiform layers, and nerve fiber layer. Mean thicknesses of the retina, choroid, and sclera were 267 ± 2.54 μm, 299 ± 3.15 μm, and 155 ± 2.74 μm in the right eye, with similar values in the left eye. Mild interocular differences were observed in macular and foveal thickness. These findings provide reference anatomical data for the dromedary camel posterior segment, supporting veterinary ophthalmology and further research on camel ocular health.