Journal of health and health management

Role of Registered Nurse in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Caring towards Best Nursing Practice in New-Normal Era

2023-11-16T08:17:15+07:00

This article aims to present the specific roles of peritoneal dialysis(PD) nurses after the COVID-19 outbreak. This outbreak leads to changes in lifestyles which are different from the past. The role of PD nurses, in addition to having knowledge in nursing practice for specific groups of patients, also need to know the appropriate innovation and technology which is suitable for the end stage kidney disease (ESKD) patient in the new normal era. To design patient care program for the patient to perform home-based peritoneal dialysis by oneself, to prevent and control infection and spread of germs. The key components of the best nursing practice in caring for ESKD patients consist of 9 aspects: 1) Counseling for pre-dialysis 2) Caring for patients who decided to PD 3) Teaching in how to perform PD in the new-normal era 4) Peritonitis assessment and prevention 5) Evaluating the adequacy of PD 6) Follow-up and home visit 7) Providing knowledge about managing oneself and one’s family 8) Psychological promotion and support, and 9) Further development in innovation production. All components should be adjusted and adapted for each patient’s specific situation and keep track of reviewing the new knowledge to care for patients with PD regularly. To create the best outcome and quality of care for patients with PD and to promote the best quality of care for patients and family in the new normal era.

A Study of Nurse Staffing according to Nursing Activities of Professional Nurses, the Surgical Respiratory Infirmary, Pranangklao Hospital

2023-01-24T19:47:36+07:00

The purposes of this descriptive research were to determine nursing needs demanded by patient in each classification, and to determine the appropriate nurse staffing in the surgical respiratory infirmary, Pranangklao hospital. Research samples were 36 patients who admitted within 30 days, and 36 professional nurses. Research instruments were 1) patient classification dictionary, 2) nursing staff in the surgical respiratory infirmary activities dictionary, and 3) nursing activity time record sheet. All instruments were tested for content validity by group of experts. The item criteria considered by the experts admitted 80 percent, and the inter-observe reliability score was 0.94. The period of collection data was 1-30 October 2022. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Nurse staffing was calculated by nursing division, Ministry of Public Health formula (2008).

The results indicated mean score of nursing time per patient direct care and indirect care: 1) Intermediate- care patient was 14.59 hours, 2) Modified intensive- care patient was 13.69 hours and 3) Intensive- care patient was 13.20 hours. The numbers of nursing personnel need in the surgical respiratory infirmary, Pranangklao hospital were 56 nursing staff.

Health literacy of Schizophrenic patients’ caregivers in Bangkok Metropolitan

2023-01-24T20:51:41+07:00

The objectives of this quantity research were to develop the Health Literary Scale of Schizophrenic Patients’ Caregivers in Bangkok Metropolitan, and to study the health literacy levels of the caregivers who were looking after the Schizophrenic patients. Nutbeam’s Theory of Health Literacy (2008) was used as theoretical construct to develop the scale. Content validity was primarily validated by five experts and nurses in Mental Health and Psychiatry. One hundred caregivers from each of the six Public Health Service Centers, Department of Health, under the Office of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration were systematically selected as the sample from the list of psychiatric patients in the community, with the total of 600 cases. Two parts of the scale consisted of Demography, and Health literacy scale with multiple choice and Likert’s Rating Scale formats. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was employed by Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL) program, version 8.80, to analyze its validities. Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient and KR- 20 were used to obtain the reliabilities. Frequencies and Percentage were employed to analyze the health literacy levels of the caregivers. It was found that the total reliability of the Health Literacy Scale was .87. Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that the Scale was acceptably consistent with the empirical data (X² = 6.86, df = 5, CFI = 1, GFI = 1, AGFI = .98, RMSEA = .03, SRMR = .01). The factor of Communicative/interactive level of the caregivers was found to be satisfactory, whereas the factors of Basic/functional and Critical levels were a little bit lower. Health literacy of the Schizophrenic patients’ caregivers were found to be at fair level. (31.50 %). Its validity and reliability were acceptable.

Relationships Between Organizational Citizenships Behaviour, Work Environment, and Organizational Commitment of Profesional Nurses, Tertiary Hospitals, Health Region 4, Ministry of Public Health

2023-01-24T19:38:34+07:00

This study is a descriptive study. The objectives were to 1) study the level of organizational commitment and 2) study the relationships between organizational citizenship behavior, work environment, and organizational commitment of professional nurses in Tertiary hospitals, Health Region 4, the Ministry of Public Health. Subjects were 320 professional nurses, selected by simple random sampling. The tool used was a questionnaire consisting of 4 parts: 1) general information; 2) organizational citizenships behavior questionnaire; 3) work environment questionnaire; and 4) organizational commitment questionnaire. Parts 2-4 were examined for validity by experts with CVT values = .94, .94, and .91, respectively, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients = .95, .96, and .96, respectively. The data were analyzed by using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient. The major findings were as follows: 1) organizational commitment of professional nurses in tertiary hospitals, Health Region 4, the Ministry of Public Health, were at the moderate level overall (r=3.47); 2) organizational citizenships behavior had a positive relationship at the moderate level with the organizational commitment of professional nurses in tertiary hospitals, Health Region 4, at the statistical significance level of .05 (r=.372). The work environment had a positive relationship at the moderate level with the organizational commitment of professional nurses in tertiary hospitals, Health Region 4, at the statistical significance level of .05 (r=.409).

Effect of Learning Experience Provision Program Through Cognitive Process Development on Well-being of Late adolescents

2023-02-21T15:56:43+07:00

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a learning experience provision program, through cognitive process development, on the well-being of late adolescents. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of students from private universities in Bangkok who were qualification according to criteria and voluntarily took part until the end of the study. The 51 participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (24 subjects) or the control group (27 subjects). The instruments used included well-being measurements consisting of 55 items, which were both validity (more than .66) and reliability (between .927 to .948). The learning experience provision program through cognitive process development was based on the cognitive-behavioral approach and integrated with other techniques, namely prime-to-behavior, the interaction between humans in the theory of the ecology of human development, and observational learning in terms of social cognitive theory. The program aimed to increase well-being by developing Resilience and PYD. There were both qualification program by experts and tryout. After applied to the sample, the results found that the posttest well-being level of the experimental group (= 4.16) was statistically significantly higher than the pretest (= 3.48) at a level of .001. The posttest well-being of the experimental group (Adj. Mean = 4.26) was also found to be significantly different from the control group (Adj. Mean = 3.96) at a level of .05 (F = 5.49) when analyzed by ANCOVA, which was controlled by the covariate by the pretest score of well-being. Consequently, it can be inferred that the developed program has practical applications to aid students with minor issues who are awaiting preliminary assistance from specialized psychologists. This leads to a more efficient provision of help.

The Effect of Using Mentorship Model on Professional Nurses' Confidence in Performing Head Nurse Roles

2023-01-24T19:54:46+07:00

This quasi-experimental research aimed to compare the confidence in performing the role of the head nurse of professional nurses before and after using the mentoring nurse model to prepare professional nurses to become head nurses. The research model was one group pretest-posttest among 20 head nurses to more than 3 years of experience selected as mentors and 20 professional nurses in each ward at Samutprakarn Hospital. The experimental instrument includes the mentor's handbook, the mentors' training program, and the action plan. The instrument used to direct the experiments were the mentor's knowledge assessment form and the mentor's activity record form. The instrument used to collect data is a confidential assessment form. The data was compiled professional nurses’ confidence in performing head nurse roles created by the researcher and validated by experts, and it has a reliability of .93 The data were analyzed by frequency, percent, median and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The results showed that after using mentorship model, professional nurses had shown higher level of their confidential in performing head nurse roles at the 0.05 level.

Knowledge And Prevention Behavior COVID-19 Among Parent Preschool Children

2023-03-27T18:11:10+07:00

This study aimed to study knowledge and behavior prevention of COVID-19 among parent’s preschool children and identify the relationship between knowledge and behavior prevention of COVID-19 among parent preschool children. Participants were 152 parents of preschoolers who were simply recruited from people living in Warin Chamrap District, Ubon Ratchathani province. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire on COVID-19 knowledge and prevention behaviors with content validity (IOC) of .67-1.00. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested with 30 parents of preschoolers The reliabilities of the knowledge and prevention behaviors were .713 and .803 respectively. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Results showed that: 1) The average knowledge scores and the average prevention behavior scores were at a high level. 2) Correlation analysis revealed that there was a positive correlation between knowledge and prevention behavior at a low level (r = .075, p < .05) The findings can be used as a basis for assessing the behavior prevention of COVID-19 among parent’s preschool children.

The Effect of Program Integrated with Self-efficacy and Empowerment on Self health Care Behaviors and Blood Sugar Level in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2023-05-27T22:12:49+07:00

This research was a quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest two groups design. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of program integrated with self-efficacy and empowerment on self health care behaviors and blood sugar level in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The samples were selected by purposive sampling composed of the 60 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus at antenatal clinic in the Rajvithi Hospital, that separated into two groups (experimental group and control group). The research tool was a test of knowledge in gestational diabetes mellitus, and questionnaire including personal data, self-efficacy, and self health care behaviors. The research tool was validated by 3 experts. The content validity index (CVI) was .80, the reliability were .79, .78, and .89, respectively. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The results indicated that after experiment the pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus type A1 who used the program integrated with self-efficacy and empowerment have knowledge, self- efficacy, self-esteem, and self health care behaviors which were statistically higher than the control group at p<.05, .001. For the third time of the experiment group, both the FBS and 1 hour post-meal blood glucose levels were lower than the control group with statistical significance at the .05 level. This program can help pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus type A1 have knowledge, understanding, and confidence in their ability to act while having diabetes have good health care behaviors. It can control blood sugar effectively.

Psychologists’ Experiences of Helping Women Overcoming Suicidality

2023-05-27T22:21:24+07:00

This qualitative research aimed to understand the experiences of psychologists in assisting women to overcome suicidal attempts. The research data was obtained from semi-structured in-depth interviews with six psychologists who have experience in providing psychological counseling to women who have attempted suicide. The data were analyzed following the steps of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). This research article presents the findings from one primary theme: assisting women to overcome suicidal tendencies, which comprises four sub-themes: 1) Interdisciplinary team care, 2) Self-awareness and emotional management, 3) Building relationships and fostering hope, and 4) Recognizing available resources. This study highlights approaches to assisting women in overcoming suicidal tendencies from the perspective of psychologists who emphasize collaboration with an interdisciplinary team, relationship-building and promoting hope, helping clients become aware and manage negative emotions, and recognizing social support and resources that can be mentally relied upon.

Depression and Fall Risk in Older Persons with Diabetes Mellitus

2023-06-23T08:57:29+07:00

This correlational research aimed to study depression, fall risk, and the relationship between depression and fall risk in older persons with (Diabetes: DM). A simple random sampling was used to select 101 older persons with DM who received treatment and care at the Patumvittayakorn primary care clinic and the Donghonghae Health promoting hospital in Ubon Ratchathani province. Research instruments were 1) the Personal Data Questionnaire, 2) the Thai Geriatric Depression Scale, and 3) the Thai Falls Risk Assessment Test. Data were collected from February to March 2020. They were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Results showed that most samples had mild depressive symptoms (62.38%) and had a low level of risk for falling (57.43%). The results also revealed that depression is slightly positively related to fall risk (r_s= .28, p< .01). The findings of this study emphasize the importance of depression as one of psychosocial problems in older persons with DM. This information will be beneficial not only to initiate an intervention for alleviating depression but also to prevent fall risk to create independency and increase the quality of life in older persons with DM.

The Innovative development of Platform Application for Caring and Promoting Aging Health as “Diamond” in Phetchaburi and Prachuap Khiri Khan Province

2023-09-06T18:52:53+07:00

This research and development aim to create an innovative digital platform for elderly care in Phetchaburi and Prachuap Khiri Khan provinces. The sample is 384 health volunteers. The research tools were in-depth or focus group questions, computers, software programs, and questionnaires. Quality data is analyzed by content analysis. Quantitative data is performed by mean, standard deviation, and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test.

The research results show that operational system of digital platforms consist of consists of 11 systems: 1) Registration system 2) Website or application login system 3) User management system 4) Population registration system 5) Specific activity system of 6) Data Collection System 7) Data Reporting Output System 8) Data Summarization System 9) Statistical Reporting System 10) Personal Data Recording Reporting System and 11) Access to the website. After using the digital platform, it was found that the average satisfaction was higher than before use in terms of workability ( = 4.39, SD .47), ease of use ( = 4.72, SD .45) efficiency ( = 4.54, SD .41) and data security ( = 4.28, SD .43) with statistical significance.

The research recommendation is the experience sharing how to use digital platforms among health volunteers, health personnel, and system administrators should be performed. The use of digital platforms as the conditions for the work of health volunteers and elderly caregivers should be managed. Long-term follow-up study on the use of digital platforms should be done. Research and development of the capacity of health volunteers and develop a provincial and network-provincial elderly database should be employed.

The Effects of Social Support Combined with Foot Reflexology on Stress of Postpartum Mothers with Newborns Hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

2023-09-21T18:28:33+07:00

This quasi experimental two group pre-test and post-test design aimed to 1) compare the mean stress scores and physiological changes of postpartum mothers in the experimental group before and after social support combined with foot reflexology; and 2) to compare the mean stress scores and physiological changes of mothers after birth in the experimental group and the control group. The sample group consisted of 36 postpartum mothers whose children were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and recuperated during the postpartum period at Srisangworn Sukhothai Hospital, Sukhothai Province, divided into 18 experimental groups and 18 control groups. The study period is from July , 2023, to August , 2023. The instruments research includes social support plans with foot reflexology. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U test. The results found that 1) stress and physiological changes after the experiment was lower. 2) compare the mean stress scores and physiological changes of mothers after birth in the experimental group and the control group found that before the experiment, both stress and physiological changes were not different. After the 5-minute experiment, both stress and physiological changes in the group the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group. 24 hours after the experiment, both stress and physiological changes in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Health personnel can apply social support in conjunction with foot reflexology. It is a guideline to reduce stress for mothers after giving birth.

Effects of Elderly School Attendance on Health Literacy and Depression: A Case Study of Elderly School in Phitsanulok Province

2023-06-16T08:57:13+07:00

This descriptive study aimed to compare the level of health literacy (HL) and depression between the elderly who participated in an elderly school (Elderly school group) and those in the community who did not (Community group). Each group included 40 elderly individuals with non-communicable diseases. Data were collected between December, 2021 and March, 2022 using an HL questionnaire for diabetes and hypertension and the Thai version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (TGDS-15) to assess HL and depression, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the data. Chi-square tests was conducted to compare the difference in HL and depression levels. The study found that, there were no significant differences in overall HL level between Elderly school group and Community group. However, the HL enlightenment level among the Elderly School Group were statistically significant higher (p-value=0.007) when accessing or seeking health information compared to the Community Group. There were no significant differences in depression between the two groups. This study highlights the potential of elderly school participation, particularly for enhancing health literacy regarding access or seek to health information among the elderly. These results can serve as a valuable guide for local organizations, particularly those focused on enhancing the capabilities of the elderly, in supporting relevant activities in future contexts.

Balance and Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults with Knee Pain

2023-07-03T12:41:21+07:00

This correlational research aimed to study balance, activities of daily living, and a relationship between balance and activities of daily living in older adults with knee pain. A simple random sampling was used to select 136 older adults with knee pain who received treatment and care at chronic disease clinics, Donghonghae Health Promoting Hospital and Pathum Health Promoting Hospital, Muang district, Ubon Ratchathani province. Research instruments were the Demographic Questionnaire, the Time-Up-and Go-Test (TUGT) Record form, and the Barthel’s Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Questionnaire. Data were collected from October to November 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Results showed that most participants (66.18%) were categorized as "good" balance. The average time to complete the TUGT was 12.93 seconds (M = 12.93, SD = 4.01). All participants reported independence in activities of daily (M = 19.58, SD = 0.77). Moreover, balance is slightly negatively related to activities of daily living (r_s= -.35, p < .01). The findings of this study can provide preliminarily important data for planning nursing interventions to improve balance and ADL in older adults with knee pain.

Effect of Entrustable Professional Activity Promoting Program on Self- Efficacy and Suction of Secretion Procedure of Nursing Students

2023-08-05T12:07:14+07:00

The purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to study the effects of the entrust-able professional activity (EPA) strengthening program on self-efficacy and to provide practice with the secretion suctioning procedure through nasal and cavity in young children for nursing students. Data collection was performed at the Pediatric Respiratory Ward of the Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health. The participants were purposively recruited from 60 nursing students studying in their third year at the Mission Faculty of Nursing, and they were separated into two groups of 30 students each by equalized averaged grades. The intervention assigned to the experimental group consisted of three steps applied in the following sequence: 1) students observed, no practice assigned, 2) students practiced under close supervision of the instructors, and 3) students practiced under distance supervision of the instructors. The students in the control group only practiced under the supervision of the instructors. Data were collected at the end of the practicum using the self-efficacy of secretion suctioning procedure in young children questionnaire, and practicing of suctioning procedure in young children evaluation, IOC = .67 - 1 and reliability index = .95. Statistics used for analysis of data were descriptive statistics and t-test. The results were: the average scores of self-efficacy and practice of secretion suctioning procedure for students in the experimental group were higher after attending the intervention than they were before, and were significantly higher than the scores for students in the control group (p < .05).

The Effectiveness of Knowledge and Practice Development Program of Youth in Supporting Emergency Services for Alcoholics in the Community

2023-01-24T20:18:12+07:00

This is a quasi-experimental study to examine the program's results in developing young knowledge and abilities in supporting emergency services for persons who use alcohol in the community. The single-group research design measured participants' performance before and after the intervention. Purposive sampling was employed to select 30 participants aged 15 to 25 from the Donkaew Subdistrict, Maerim District, Chiangmai Province.Five research tools were used in this study: 1) A program to increase adolescent knowledge and abilities in supporting emergency services for those who use alcohol in the community, 2) a form for assessing knowledge of alcohol and alcohol-related crises, 3) a form for assessing basic life support knowledge, 4) a form for evaluating alcohol emergencies and first aid, and 5) a form for assessing basic life support skills. Three experts ensured the validity of the programs and tools, with the evaluation form demonstrating content validity exceeding .67. Reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficients of .84, .85, .80, and .82, respectively. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-tests. The results showed that participants in a program focused on improving teenagers' knowledge and abilities in providing emergency assistance to those who use alcohol in the community displayed increased performance in all categories when compared to their pre-program levels. At the .05 level, the observed improvement was statistically significant (p<.05)

Factors Predicting the Participatory Health Management in Klong Phasi Charoen Waterfront Community

2023-04-27T20:50:08+07:00

This descriptive research aimed to study the participatory health management of people living in Klong Phasi Charoen Waterfront community and examine the relationship between predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors and participatory health management. Sample size was 138, calculated using G*Power version 3.1.9.7. Research instrument was a questionnaire including 5 parts: demographic data, predisposing factors, enabling factors, reinforcing factors, and participatory health management behaviors, which all were validated and approved by professional experts and The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient reliability of the questionnaire was tested yielding values of .91 and .954 respectively. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, Pearson product moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The research findings were as follows. 1) The majority of people living in Phasi Charoen waterfront community had participatory health managements at a moderate level ( = 3.06, SD = .571). 2) The predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors correlated with participatory health managements, were significantly positive (r = .409, p< .01, r = .577, p< .01, and r = .545, p< .01, respectively). 3) The enabling factors, and reinforcing factors together with these two variables, accounted for 36.4% of the variance in participatory health managements of living by the Phasi Charoen Canal (significance at the 1% level).

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People with HIV

2023-10-13T10:09:59+07:00

This descriptive research, objectives were studied effect of pandemic COVID 19 on HIV people. There are physical dimension, knowledge, anxiety, self-care, and correlation between age, infected years, social support, income, number of physician visiting, anxiety of pandemic COVID 19, and self-care on HIV people. The sample was 104 of HIV people who has treatment at public hospital. Sampling by chance. The instruments were used in this study, there were an instrument from faculty of nursing, University of California, San Francisco and faculty of nursing, John Hopkins University, USA. Statistic was descriptive statistic and Pearson Correlation. Research result: mean age of sample was 44.58 years, infected years average 13.02, they had sex with spouse in the past year 88.5%, visit physician average 3.35 times, by face to face 83.7 %. All of them had gotten the HIV anti-virus, and viral load testing is none and very low 83.7%. Social support was at the good level, anxiety level, and self-care, at the moderate level. From the study, there were 5 pairs of the variable had correlation shown as: 1) age of HIV people positive correlated with infected years at moderate level ,(r= .54, p-value < .01) 2) income had positive correlated with social support at the lower level (r = .23, p-value < .05) 3) infected years positive correlated with number of physician visiting at lower level (r = -.20, p-value < .05) 4) social support positive correlated with self-care of HIV people at the lower level (r = .21, p value < .05) The suggestion from the research for supporting and promoting self-care for HIV people and develop literacy model for promoting self-care of HIV people.

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Primary Care Setting in Trang Province

2023-11-28T23:33:48+07:00

This cross-sectional study was conducted with the following objectives: 1) to study the prevalence of different risk levels of diabetic foot ulcer, and 2) to study the association of risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer. The research methods employed are evaluation of foot conditions, peripheral neuropathy and peripheral artery disease tests, and classification of risk levels of diabetic foot ulcer. The research data were then analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, averages, and analysis of Chi-square tests. The research findings show that the risk levels of diabetic foot ulcer among 165 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and an average age of 63.62 years are as follows: 30.90% have low risk level, 35.80% have moderate risk level, and 33.30% have high risk level. The relationship between the risk factors of diabetic foot ulcer in female patients, who have had diabetes mellitus for more than 10 years, and the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral artery disease, and foot deformity is statistically significant at p<0.05. It can be concluded that the majority of the research population, 69.10%, are at risk of developing diabetic foot ulcer. Therefore, such patients should be given advice on proper foot care and should later be referred to a specialist doctor.

Exploratory Factor Analysis of Adaptive Performance Scale and Counterproductive Work Behaviors Performance Scale of Nurse Unit Managers in Private Hospitals Post COVID Pandemic

2023-10-13T10:47:09+07:00

The purpose of this research was to analyze the exploratory components of adaptive performance scale (ADPS) and counterproductive work behaviors performance scale (CWBPS) of nurse unit managers in JCI private hospitals post COVID pandemic. The sample consisted of 230 nurse unit managers in private hospitals, selected by inclusion criteria. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires on demographic data, ADPS, CWBPS. Five Likert-scale questionnaires 10 items were used as a research instrument, has a content validity index was .1.00 and the alpha coefficient reliability was .88 and .85 respectively. The data were analyzed by an exploratory factor analysis to extract the components by principal component analysis and varimax orthogonal method.

The results of ADPS components measured from 5 indicators, factor loading of the component in the range was .592 - .782, in particular 51.710 percent of all components could explain the ADPS. And CWBPS components measured from 5 indicators, factor loading of the component in the range was .670 - .764, in particular 52.672 percent of all components could explain the CWBPS.