Journal of Phrapokklao Nursing College, Chanthaburi

From Unknown Nursing Students to Innovative Gateway Achieving International Award

Apatcha Sriphrakun, Suthida Pakdee, Rungnapha Khiewchaum — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Guidelines for Using Music Activities for Senior Citizen Students in the Elderly Schools in Thailand

Yotsapan Pantasri, Pornpan Kaenampornpan, Patravoot Vatanasapt — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Music activities are activities that promote senior citizen students to have complete physical well-being, mental well-being, social well-being, and spiritual well-being. Guidelines for using music activities for senior citizen students in the elderly schools in Thailand should be consistent with the goals of the elderly school curriculum, which aims to seek happiness from playing music. This will help the elderly realize their own value and potential. In addition, the elderly should be encouraged to participate in social contributions and promoted learning by connecting with the experiences of the elderly, in order to achieve goals that are real, practical, and transcribed regarding music listening activities, singing activities, musical instrument activities, and body movement activities. Music activities are activities that protect the social bound elderly not to turn into the home bound or bed bound elderly and can be self-reliant. When the elderly can rely on themselves, they will also help others. The structure of the elderly school curriculum is diverse, which depends on the content of each course. The course syllabus can be flexible according to the instructor or lecturer. This will be adapted according to the suitability of each area in Thailand.

Insulin Initiation: Type 2 Diabetes Patients’ Perspectives

Apichat Sirisombut — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

Good glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes often requires supplementing with insulin therapy. However, this is seldom initiated early or aggressively enough. This article explains how a psychological opposition towards insulin use in both people with diabetes and prescribers has led to widespread psychological insulin resistance (PIR). The obstacles from the patient’s perspective extend beyond a simple fear of needles, and when these personal barriers are recognized and addressed reluctance to start insulin therapy can be overcome. Furthermore, it seems likely that a high percentage of cases where PIR occurs could be prevented if clinicians introduce the possible need for insulin early in treatment. Intervention strategies that address factors linked with PIR may be used to facilitate the timely initiation of insulin therapy at an effective dose.

Anxiety, Social Support, and Functional Status of First-time Advanced Age Mothers

Nanthida Namracha, Punpilai Sriarporn, Bungorn Supavititpatana — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This descriptive correlational research aimed to explore the relationship among anxiety, social support, and functional status of first-time advanced age mothers. The participants were 85 first-time advanced age mothers who visited Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Lamphun Hospital, Lampang Hospital, and Health Promoting Hospital, Regional Health Promotion Center 1 Chiang Mai. The research instruments consisted of the demographic data record form, the State Anxiety Inventory Form Y with a reliability of .92, the maternal social support questionnaire with a reliability of .92, and the maternal functional status inventory with a reliability of .93. Data were collected from May to December 2020. Statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s product moment correlation.

The research results revealed that first-time advanced age mothers had the total mean score of functional status at a high level (M = 3.45, SD = .25). Anxiety was negatively statistically significantly related to functional status of first-time advanced age mothers (r = -.397, p < .001), whereas social support was positively statistically significantly related to functional status of first-time advanced age mothers (r = .485, p < .001).

This research suggests that nurse-midwives should provide nursing care plan to reduce anxiety and promote social support among first-time advanced age mothers. This will help mothers enhance their effective functional status.

Factors Related to Family Management among Caregivers of Children with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Ganjanapa Supaboon, Usanee Jintrawet, Netthong Namprom — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This descriptive correlational research aimed to examine the relationship among education level, income, social support, and family management among caregivers of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The samples consisted of 85 caregivers of children with BPD receiving follow-up service at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Lampang Hospital, and Uttaradit Hospital. The research instruments were composed of a questionnaire of personal information, a questionnaire of social support with a reliability of .81, and a questionnaire of family management with the reliabilities in the range of .81–.85. Data were collected from October 2020 to February 2021. Statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Eta correlation, and Pearson’s product moment correlation.

The research results revealed that caregivers of children with BPD had the total mean score of family management at a moderate level (M = 136.36, SD = 10.01). Education level was positively statistically significantly related to family management in three dimensions: condition management ability, family life difficulty, and view of condition impact among caregivers of children with BPD (η = .353, p < .05; η = .423, p < .01; and η = .350, p < .05, respectively). Income was positively statistically significantly related to family management in the dimension of condition management ability among caregivers of children with BPD (η = .374, p < .05). Social support was positively statistically significantly related to family management in three dimensions; condition management effort, family life difficulty, and view of condition impact among caregivers of children with BPD (r = .370, p < .001; r = .333, p < .001; and r = .321, p < .001, respectively).

This research suggests that nursing personnel should promote social support to caregivers of children with BPD in order to enhance the family management for appropriate care of children with BPD.

Awareness, Knowledge, and Risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Patients with Heart Failure

Jiraporn Promjakkaew, Jindarat Chaiard, Chiraporn Tachaudomdach — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This descriptive research aimed to study awareness, knowledge, and risk for obstructive sleep apnea among patients with heart failure. The participants consisted of 354 patients with heart failure who received services at a heart clinic, outpatient department of Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, McCormick Hospital, Chiang Mai Province, and Lamphun Hospital. The research instruments were composed of the demographic data record form, the awareness and knowledge of obstructive sleep apnea questionnaire with a reliability of .96, and the Berlin Questionnaire with a reliability of .89. Data were collected from December 2019 to May 2020. Statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

The research results revealed that 78.53% of patients with heart failure were not aware of obstructive sleep apnea. Most patients had no knowledge of obstructive sleep apnea on meaning (77.40%), risk factors (79.94%), signs (79.94%), health impact (79.94%), and treatment (79.94%). In addition, 56.50% of patients with heart failure were at low risk for having obstructive sleep apnea.

This research suggests that health care providers should screen risk for obstructive sleep apnea among patients with heart failure as well as provide knowledge and enhance awareness of obstructive sleep apnea.

Factors Related to Functional Abilities Confidence among Stroke Patients

Wiparat Pibangwong, Kanisorn Charoenkit, Rungnapha Khiewchaum — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This descriptive correlational research aimed to explore the relationships among fear of fall, perceived severity of illness, and family support with functional abilities confidence among stroke patients. The samples were 80 stroke patients who lived in areas under the responsibilities of subdistrict health promoting hospital, Mueang Chanthaburi District, Chanthaburi Province. The research instruments were composed of a demographic data questionnaire, a fear of fall assessment form with a reliability of .98, a perceived severity of illness assessment form, a family support assessment form with a reliability of .94, and a functional abilities confidence assessment form with a reliability of .95. Data were collected from January to February 2023. Statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Spearman rank correlation.

The research results revealed that stroke patients had mean score of functional abilities confidence at a moderate level (M = 53.23, SD = 14.43). Fear of fall and perceived severity of illness were negatively statistically significantly related to functional abilities confidence among stroke patients (r_s = -.841, p < .001 and r_s = -.544, p < .001, respectively).

This research suggests that health care providers should provide activities to reduce fear of fall and perceived severity of illness among stroke patients in order to enhance their functional abilities confidence.

Factors Related to Fatigue in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy

Siriya Chaleekrua, Sureeporn Thanasilp — Sun, 22 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This descriptive correlational research aimed to investigate the relationship among hemoglobin level, physical activity, nutritional status, and fatigue in patients with colorectal cancer receiving chemotherapy. The participants were 136 patients with colorectal cancer who attended the chemotherapy unit of Police General Hospital, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, and the National Cancer Institute. The research instruments included the demographic data record form, the physical activity questionnaire with a reliability of .72, the Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) with a reliability of .70, and the revised Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS) with a reliability of .91. Data were collected from June to December 2020. Statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s product moment correlation.

The research results revealed that patients with colorectal cancer had the total mean score of fatigue at a moderate level (M = 5.17, SD = .68). Hemoglobin level, physical activity, and nutritional status were negatively statistically significantly related to fatigue in patients with colorectal cancer (r = -.224, p < .01; r = -.306, p < .001; and r = -.299, p < .001, respectively).

This research suggests that nurses should assess fatigue of patients with colorectal cancer every episode of chemotherapy as well as cooperate with patients for fatigue management.

Effectiveness of the Blood and Body Fluid Exposure Prevention Program among Operating Room Nurses

Morakot Dokkaew, Nongyao Kasatpibal, Nongkran Viseskul — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This quasi-experimental research aimed to study the effectiveness of the blood and body fluid exposure (BBFE) prevention program among operating room nurses. The samples consisted of 36 operating room nurses in a university hospital. The research instruments included the BBFE prevention program among operating room nurses, the demographic questionnaire, the knowledge on BBFE prevention test with a reliability of .73, the practice on BBFE prevention observation form with a reliability of 1, and the incidence of BBFE record form. The implementation and data collection were conducted from November 2020 to January 2021. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, median, quartile, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Chi-square test, and calculating incidence.

The research results revealed that 1) after using the program, operating room nurses had statistically significantly higher score of knowledge on BBFE prevention than that of before using the program (Z = -4.851, p < .001); 2) after using the program, operating room nurses had statistically significantly higher proportion of correct practice on BBFE prevention than that of before using the program (χ² = 247.956, p < .001); and 3) after using the program, operating room nurses had lower incidence of BBFE than that of before using the program.

This research suggests that nurse executives should provide knowledge, demonstration and return demonstration, feedback, and personal protective equipment to operating room nurses. This will help operating room nurses improve their knowledge and practice on BBFE prevention.

Factors Affecting Tuberculosis Preventive Behaviors among People with Tuberculosis Contact in Bang Krathum District, Phitsanulok Province

Thitima Thomtong, Supaporn Sudnongbua — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This predictive correlational research aimed to study factors affecting tuberculosis preventive behaviors among people with tuberculosis contact. The samples were 170 people with tuberculosis contact in Bang Krathum District, Phitsanulok Province. The research instruments included the personal factors interview form, the knowledge about tuberculosis interview form with a reliability of .74, the personal perceived factors interview form with a reliability of .90, the inducers of tuberculosis preventive behaviors interview form with a reliability of .96, and the tuberculosis preventive behaviors interview form with a reliability of .98. Data were collected from June to September 2019. Statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The research results revealed that the mean score of tuberculosis preventive behaviors among people with tuberculosis contact was at a moderate level (M = 2.80, SD = .31). Gender (female) and inducers of tuberculosis preventive behaviors could statistically significantly jointly predict tuberculosis preventive behaviors among people with tuberculosis contact at 27.90% (adj. R² = .279, p < .001). The most predicting factor was inducers of tuberculosis preventive behaviors (Beta = .529, p < .001).

This research suggests that health care workers should perform home visit for people with tuberculosis contact continuously as well as provide tuberculosis advice and protective equipment. This will help people with tuberculosis contact gain motivation and enhance their tuberculosis preventive behaviors.

Effects of Coaching on Knowledge and Practices in Prevention of Multidrug-resistant Organism Transmission among Nurses in a University Hospital

Wanna Chuennok, Nongkran Viseskul, Nongyao Kasatpibal — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This quasi-experimental research aimed to examine the effects of coaching on knowledge and practices in prevention of multidrug-resistant organism (MDROs) transmission among nurses. The participants consisted of 25 nurses working in the medical ward of a university hospital. The research instruments included the coaching plan for prevention of MDROs transmission among nurses, the demographic data questionnaire, the knowledge in prevention of MDROs transmission test with a reliability of .80, and the practices in prevention of MDROs transmission observation form with a reliability of 1. The implementation and data collection were conducted from March to June 2021. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, median, paired t-test, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test.

The research results revealed that 1) after implementing coaching, nurses had statistically significantly higher mean score of knowledge in prevention of MDROs transmission than that of before implementing coaching (t = 6.204, p < .001); and 2) after implementing coaching, nurses had statistically significantly higher proportion of correct practices in prevention of MDROs transmission than that of before implementing coaching (χ² = 259.288, p < .001).

This research suggests that the head nurses should implement this coaching plan for prevention of
MDROs transmission to nurses in wards. This will provide nurses with increased knowledge and correct practices to prevent MDROs transmission.

Factors Affecting Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Prevention Behaviors among Ethnic Household Heads in Pa Klang Sub-district, Pua District, Nan Province

Naparat Oungern, Pramote Wongsawat — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This predictive correlational research aimed to determine factors affecting dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) prevention behaviors among ethnic household heads. The samples were 319 ethnic household heads in Pa Klang Sub-district, Pua District, Nan Province. The research instruments included the personal factors interview form, the perceived susceptibility of DHF, severity of DHF, and result of DHF prevention interview form with the reliability of .78, .82, and .82, respectively, the perceived self-efficacy in DHF prevention interview form with a reliability of .93, the sufficiency of resource on DHF prevention interview form, the receiving advice on DHF prevention from health personnel interview form with a reliability of .79, the receiving advice on DHF prevention from village health volunteers interview form with a reliability of .81, the receiving information about DHF interview form with a reliability of .71, and the DHF prevention behaviors interview form with a reliability of .90. Data were collected from January to March 2021. Statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis.

The research results revealed that the mean score of DHF prevention behaviors among ethnic household heads was at a high level (M = 3.80, SD = .96). Age, perceived susceptibility of DHF, perceived severity of DHF, perceived self-efficacy in DHF prevention, receiving advice on DHF prevention from health personnel, receiving advice on DHF prevention from village health volunteers, and receiving information about DHF could statistically significantly jointly predict DHF prevention behaviors among ethnic household heads at 36.60% (R² = .366, p < .001). The most predicting factor was perceived self-efficacy in DHF prevention (Beta = .278, p < .001).

This research suggests that health personnel should provide activities for promoting perceived self-efficacy and perceived severity of DHF, including giving advice and information about DHF prevention to ethnic household heads. This will help ethnic household heads enhance their DHF prevention behaviors.

A Study of Methamphetamine Relapse among Drug Addict Patients Receiving Therapy in Thanyarak Hospitals, North-eastern Region of Thailand

Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This descriptive research aimed to study methamphetamine relapse among drug addict patients. The samples consisted of 70 drug addict patients receiving therapy at Thanyarak Udonthani Hospital and Thanyarak Khonkaen Hospital who had methamphetamine relapse. The research instruments included a demographic questionnaire and a methamphetamine relapse questionnaire. Data were collected from November 2019 to January 2020. Statistics used for data analysis included frequency and percentage.

The research results revealed that the drug addict patients had a methamphetamine relapse within 1–6 months (37.14%). The main cause of the methamphetamine relapse was a friend invitation (34.28%). The stress problem that caused the methamphetamine relapse was a lack of financial liquidity (21.42%). In addition, the situations that caused the methamphetamine relapse were obtaining a salary (17.14%) and attending various parties (17.14%).

This research suggests that nurses in Thanyarak Udonthani Hospital and Thanyarak Khonkaen Hospital should transfer the information in this research to nurses in the primary care unit. Then they provide activities to prevent methamphetamine relapse among drug addict patients.

Effects of a Self-management Program for Healthcare Behavior Combined with the Health Literacy on Health Literacy and Clinical Outcomes among People with Uncontrolled Hypertension

Pranit Jongpantanimit, Maturada Bunjongkarn, Nisarat Ruamwong — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This quasi-experimental research aimed to examine the effects of a self-management program for healthcare behavior combined with the health literacy on health literacy and clinical outcomes among people with uncontrolled hypertension. The samples were 60 patients with primary hypertension who received medical services at Thamai Hospital, Chanthaburi Province, and were equally divided into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The research instruments included the self-management program for healthcare behavior combined with the health literacy, the handbook of self-management for CVD prevention and control, the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6CIT), the demographic questionnaire, the health literacy questionnaire with a reliability of .91, and the non-invasive automated sphygmomanometer. The implementation and data collection were conducted from September 2019 to March 2020. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, McNemar test, and Fisher’s exact test.

The research results revealed that 1) after the experiment, the experimental group had the significantly mean score of health literacy higher than before the experiment (t = 11.931, p < .001); 2) the experimental group had statistically increased health literacy scores after the experiment compared with the control group (Z = -5.377, p < .001); 3) after the experiment, abnormal blood pressures among experimental group were significantly less than before the experiment (p < .01). However, there was no difference in moderate CVD risk score between before and after the experiment; 4) comparing the results of abnormal blood pressures and moderate CVD risk scores among the experimental and control groups was not different.

This research suggests that healthcare workers should apply the self-management program for healthcare behavior combined with the health literacy to care for chronic patients. This will help patients increase their health literacy and self-management for healthcare behavior.

Factors Affecting Nutritional Care Behaviors in Preschool Children among Ethnic Parents, Wiang Pa Pao District, Chiang Rai Province

Rujeerat Thanawa, Pantip Hinhumpatch, Sudawadee Yasaka — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This predictive correlational research aimed to study factors affecting nutritional care behaviors in preschool children among ethnic parents. The samples were composed of 188 ethnic parents of preschool children, Wiang Pa Pao District, Chiang Rai Province. The research instruments included a data record form for preschool children and a five-part questionnaire for ethnic parents: personal factors, knowledge of preschool children nutrition with a reliability of .71, attitude toward preschool children nutrition with a reliability of .72, perceived nutrition with a reliability of .72, and nutritional care behaviors in preschool children with a reliability of .70. Data were collected in February 2019. Statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The research results revealed that the mean score of nutritional care behaviors in preschool children among ethnic parents was at a moderate level (M = 44.05, SD = 3.87). Lahu ethnic group, knowledge of preschool children nutrition, and attitude toward preschool children nutrition could statistically significantly jointly predict nutritional care behaviors in preschool children among ethnic parents at 33.20% (adj. R² = .332, p < .001). The most predicting factor was attitude toward preschool children nutrition (Beta = .329, p < .001).

This research suggests that relevant agencies should promote attitude toward preschool children nutrition and knowledge of preschool children nutrition among ethnic parents. This will help parents enhance their nutritional care behaviors in preschool children.

Effects of Using a Video Media on Knowledge in Prevention of Multidrug-resistant Organisms among Patients in a General Hospital

Jutharat Sreevichai, Nongyao Kasatpibal, Nongkran Viseskul — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This quasi-experimental research aimed to study the effects of using a video media on knowledge in prevention of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) among patients. The samples were 60 patients undergoing treatment in the medical units of a general hospital, and were equally divided into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The research instruments included the video media for MDROs infection prevention for patients, the demographic data questionnaire, and the knowledge in prevention of MDROs test with a reliability of .83. The implementation and data collection were conducted from December 2020 to February 2021. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Fisher’s exact test, paired t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square test.

The research results revealed that after the experiment, the experimental group had statistically significantly higher mean score of knowledge in prevention of MDROs than that of before the experiment (t = 12.504, p < .001) and that of the control group (t = 7.823, p < .001).

This research suggests that nurse executives should encourage application of this video media for MDROs infection prevention for patients in hospitals. This will help patients increase their knowledge in prevention of MDROs.

Community Participatory Care System for Bedridden and End-of-life Patients in Community

Pornruedee Nitirat, Pakatip Singkham, Manop Phasom, Ratchanee Phasom — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This participatory action research aimed to establish and assess the effectiveness of a community participatory care system for bedridden and end-of-life patients. The study, conducted in the community under the purview of Nong Phalan Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital’s responsibility, Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand, engaged 55 key informants, including health providers, community leaders, municipality officers, patient’s caregivers and relatives, village health volunteers, and Buddhist monks, along with 216 community members. The research instruments consisted of 1) three discussion interview guides; 2) an evaluation form of medical device management; 3) an evaluation form of patients care; 4) a focus-group interview guide; 5) a questionnaire assessing knowledge with a reliability of .73; 6) a questionnaire assessing competency perception with a reliability of .95; 7) an evaluation form of the benefits perception with a reliability of .96; and 8) an evaluation form of satisfaction with a reliability of .91. The research unfolded across four phases from March to September 2023: analysis of the current situation, development of the care system, implementation, and system evaluation. The statistical analysis used in this study encompassed mean, standard deviation, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Additionally, a content analysis was conducted to scrutinize and interpret the qualitative data.

The research results revealed that the existing care system for bedridden and end-of-life patients in community had inadequate management. The development of a community participatory care system centered around six critical aspects, consisting of 1) the establishment of a collaborative network; 2) securing financial support from governmental and private sectors; 3) preparing essential medical supplies; 4) creating a dedicated office for bedridden and palliative care; 5) enhancing caregiver competencies; and 6) implementing home visits by health providers, village health volunteers, and community leaders. Following a three-month implementation of the developed care system involving six bedridden patients and two end-of-life patients, noteworthy improvements in health conditions were observed for two bedridden patients, while the conditions of the remaining patients remained stable. Furthermore, two end-of-life patients experienced peaceful passings at home. Participants’ perceptions of the system’s benefits and satisfaction were very high (M = 46.32, SD = 3.87 and M = 32.14, SD = 2.46, respectively). Moreover, community members expressed a high perception of the system’s benefits (M = 43.22, SD = 5.88) and a strong perceived need for its continuation (M = 4.50, SD = .46).

This research strongly recommends the adoption and adaptation of the developed community participatory care system in other communities and primary care units, emphasizing the importance of tailoring the care system to specific community contexts.

21st Century Learning Skills of Students in the Faculty of Nursing, Kasem Bandit University

Pimpat Chantian, Malinee Pandee, Tanawat Ruamsook — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This descriptive research aimed to compare the 21st century learning skills among students in the Faculty of Nursing and study the development of the 21st century learning skills. The participants were composed of 221, 1st–4th-year students in the Faculty of Nursing, Kasem Bandit University and five experts. The research instruments consisted of a demographic questionnaire, a 21st century learning skills assessment form with a reliability of .91, and a development of the 21st century learning skills interview form. Data were collected in January 2023. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, one-way ANOVA (multiple comparisons by Dunnett T3 and Bonferroni method), and content analysis.

The research results revealed that 1) the students had the overall mean scores of 3Rs skill, 8Cs skill, and 2Ls skill at a high level (M = 3.56, SD = .48; M = 3.97, SD = .40; and M = 4.12, SD = .50, respectively); 2) the students had statistically significantly different mean scores of reading skill and arithmetic skill (F = 18.980, p < .001 and F = 22.210, p < .001, respectively); 3) the students had statistically significantly different mean score of critical thinking and problem solving skill (F = 3.040, p < .05); 4) the students had no different mean scores of learning skill and leadership skill; and 5) for the development of the 21st century learning skills, the educational institutions should formulate policies and develop the learning skills according to the grade level competencies.

This research suggests that the educational institutions should provide learning management for developing the 21st century learning skills according to the grade level competencies as well as create good environments.

Pain Catastrophizing and Pain in Hemodialysis Patients

Soracha Wanichmontri, Yosapon Leaungsomnapa, Orapan Boonlue — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This cross-sectional descriptive research aimed to study pain catastrophizing and pain in hemodialysis patients. The samples consisted of 85 chronic renal patients with hemodialysis in Chanthaburi Province. The research instruments were composed of the personal data questionnaire, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale with a reliability of .87, and the Thai version short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire with a reliability of .78. Data were collected from October to November 2021. Statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, median, interquartile range, and Spearman rank correlation.

The research results revealed that 1) both before and after hemodialysis, most hemodialysis patients were non extreme catastrophizer group (97.60%), while all of them had pain score at a mild level (100%); and 2) both before and after hemodialysis, pain catastrophizing was positively statistically significantly related to pain in hemodialysis patients (r_s = .920, p < .001 and r_s = .930, p < .001, respectively).

This research suggests that medical personnel who care for hemodialysis patients should assess pain catastrophizing and pain in hemodialysis patients periodically in order to provide information on caring for hemodialysis patients.

Stress, Risk of Depression, and Depression among Postpartum Mothers

Soiy Anusornteerakul, Suphaphak Harnklar, Anchalee Ounkaew, Natthakul Buengmoom — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This cross-sectional descriptive research aimed to study the prevalence and accordance of stress, risk of depression, and depression among postpartum mothers. The samples consisted of 76 mothers within 48–72 hours postpartum in Phang Khon Hospital, Sakon Nakhon Province. The research instruments were composed of a general data questionnaire, a 5-question stress assessment form (ST-5) with a reliability of .73, a 2-question depression risk assessment form (2Q) with a reliability of .75, and a 9-question depression assessment form (9Q) with a reliability of .82. Data were collected from May to November 2021. Statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, and weighted kappa.

The research results revealed that 1) 11.84% of postpartum mothers had moderate to high level of stress and had risk of depression, and 10.53% of them had mild to moderate level of depression; and 2) according to the assessment, the stress score was not accordant with the risk of depression score and the depression score (weighted kappa = -.063, 95% CI = -.154–.028 and weighted kappa = .131, 95% CI = -.143–.405, respectively) as well as the risk of depression score was not accordant with the depression score (weighted kappa = -.002, 95% CI = -.059–.055).

This research suggests that nurses in postpartum ward should assess stress, risk of depression, and depression among postpartum mothers before discharging by three assessment forms simultaneously. If any abnormal condition is found, the mothers should receive an appropriate care promptly.

Effect of the Maternal Kangaroo Care Empowerment Program on Physiological Functions of Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Yaowarat Supasri, Jutamas Chotibang, Pimpaporn Klunklin — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This quasi-experimental research aimed to study the effect of the maternal kangaroo care empowerment program on physiological functions of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. The samples consisted of 30 pairs of mothers and preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome undergoing treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit of Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai Province and were equally divided into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The research instruments included the maternal kangaroo care empowerment program, the picture of preterm infant, the video of infant kangaroo care, the pamphlet of infant kangaroo care, the equipment for infant kangaroo care, the demographic data record form, the preterm infant physiological change record form, and the pulse oximeter. The implementation and data collection were conducted from February to October 2020. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, repeated measure ANOVA, and independent t-test.

The research results revealed that 1) infants in the experimental group had statistically significantly different mean oxygen saturation before, during, and after the experiment (F = 18.850, p < .001); 2) infants in the experimental group had statistically significantly higher mean oxygen saturation than that of the control group (t = 2.050, p < .05); 3) infants in the experimental group had no difference in mean heart rate before, during, and after the experiment; and 4) there was no difference in mean heart rate of infants between the experimental and the control group.

This research suggests that nurses should apply this maternal kangaroo care empowerment program to care for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. This will help preterm infants achieve better physiological functions.

The Development of Buddhist Awareness Enhancement Program for Preventing Depression among Caregivers of the Elderly

Thitavan Hongitiyanon, Boonleng Tumtong, Apinya Ingard — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700

This research and development aimed to develop the Buddhist awareness enhancement program for preventing depression among caregivers of the elderly and examine the effectiveness of the program. The three phases of this research included: 1) phase 1 situation analysis, the samples consisted of 15 caregivers of the elderly; 2) phase 2 program development and feasibility study, the samples consisted of 15 caregivers of the elderly; and 3) phase 3 program evaluation, the samples consisted of caregivers of the elderly who were divided into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The research instruments included the semi-structured interview form, the Buddhist awareness enhancement program for preventing depression among caregivers of the elderly, the feasibility of program implementation questionnaire with a reliability of .78, the demographic questionnaire, the 9-question depression assessment form (9Q), the Buddhist happiness measure with a reliability of .88, and the perceived Buddhist awareness enhancement questionnaire with a reliability of .85. The implementation and data collection were conducted from April 2018 to January 2019. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired t-test, independent t-test, and content analysis.

The research results revealed that 1) having positive thinking and purpose in life can prevent depression among caregivers of the elderly; 2) caregivers of the elderly indicated that the level of feasibility was high (M = 48.51, SD = 4.41); 3) after the experiment, the experimental group had statistically significantly lower mean score of depression than that of before the experiment (t = 6.530, p < .001); and 4) after the experiment, the experimental group had statistically significantly higher mean scores of happiness and perceived Buddhist awareness enhancement than those of before the experiment (t = 11.865, p < .001 and t = 21.586, p < .001, respectively) and those of the control group (t = 3.548, p < .01 and t = 2.048, p < .05, respectively).

This research suggests that health care providers who care for the elderly should apply this Buddhist awareness enhancement program for preventing depression among caregivers of the elderly to care for caregivers of the elderly. This will help reduce depression among caregivers of the elderly.