Risk Factors of Type II Diabetes Mellitus among People Aged 40 Years and Above in Ban-Na Makhuea Sub-District, Sahatsakhan District, Kalasin Province, Thailand

Abstract

This case-control study aims to explore the factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among people aged 40 years and above in Ban-Na Makhuea sub-district, Sahatsakhan district, Kalasin province, Thailand. The structural questionnaire with face to face interview was used. Total respondents are 374 persons included people with T2DM 187 persons (93 male & 94 female) and 187 persons of people with non-DM (93 male & 94 female). Statistical analysis used logistic regression to explore the factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.  The results found that most of respondents were aged between 50-59 years (33.2 % of DM group and 34.8% of non-DM group). Over 70 % of them are married (77.5% of DM group and 76.5% of non-DM group). Majority of respondents were employee (56% of DM group & 52.4% of non-DM group), and education level below undergraduate (56.4% and 52.4% in DM and non-DM group, respectively). In term of Lifestyle behavior, eating behaviors was in good level (Good level = Eat meal complete the 5 basic food groups four days a week or above, and eat snacks, fried foods, salty food, sweet fizzy drinks less than four days a week) and performing physical activities of the respondents was at good level. The relating factors with T2DM in this community were age at first smoking.  Respondents who start smoking at aged below 21 years old was 3 times more risk to develop diabetes than who start smoking at aged above 20  (aOR=3.099, 95% CI =1.309-7.338, p-value < 0.001). There was no different risk found between smoker and non-smoker, and current smoker and ex-smoker. The respondents who had diabetes parent or siblings was 6.278 times more risk of diabetes (aOR = 4.006, 95% CI = 2.555-6.283, p-value < 0.001) compared with respondents who did not had diabetes parent or sibling. Several factors were not statistically significant with T2DM. Only respondents who had diabetes parent or siblings and who started smoke at aged below 21 years related with T2DM. Thus, strategic planning or education program to promote diabetes screening and non-smoking behavior in the teenagers should be conducted. This information should use to educate younger people to avoid smoking. However, the quasi-experimental study should be conducted in the community for prevention and control of diabetes in the community.