Predictors of Prehypertension among the Island Residents, Maldives

Abstract

Background: Prehypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure 120-139 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mmHg. It has been shown as a precursor of hypertension and a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of prehypertension and examine the risk factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in adults aged 18 to 65 years at Baa Atoll, the Republic of the Maldives. A total of 407 participants from five islands were randomly recruited. Standard anthropometric measurements and face-to-face interviews were employed to collect the data from December 2013 to January 2014.

Results: The prevalence of prehypertension was about 38.1%. Bivariate analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant association between prehypertension and age, education, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, sources of obtaining health information, and levels of knowledge. Multiple logistic regression showed that the predictors of prehypertension were lower educational levels (AOR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.62 to 4.58), and high waist circumference (AOR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.43 to 4.14).

Conclusion: Screening for prehypertension should be focused on adults with low education, especially who have high waist circumference, and health system should promote a healthy lifestyle.