Oral Health Status in Diabetic Patients at Changhan District, Roi et Province, Thailand

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 256 diabetic patients (age range = 41-86 years old) in Changhan Hospital, Changhan District, Roi Et Province, Thailand. The objectives of study were: (1) to describe prevalence of coronal caries, root caries, periodontal disease, oral candidiasis. (2) to identify influence factors that affect prevalence of coronal caries, root caries, periodontal disease, oral candidiasis. (3) to recommend the plan for dental health promotion. The prevalence of coronal caries, root caries, periodontal disease were 72.7%, 55.5% and 91.8% respectively. The mean (SD) DMFT(decayed, missing, filled teeth) was 9.98 (8.05) teeth/person. No diabetic patients in this study had oral candidiasis. The relation between dependent and independent variables found that gender, smoking and betel nut chewing had significant statistical association with coronal caries at P-value < 0.05 (P-value= 0.022, 0.049 and 0.019 respectively). Female had higher prevalence of coronal caries than male. The relation between betel nut chewing, duration of chewing and root caries had significant statistical association at P-value < 0.05 (P-value = 0.001 and 0.018 respectively) Diabetic patients who had betel nut chewing had higher prevalence of root caries than other, and duration of chewing less or equal 10 years had higher prevalence than other. Age, oral health behavior such as tooth brushing, and use of toothpick had significant statistical relation with periodontal disease at P-value < 0.05 (p-value = 0.001, 0.001 and 0.001 respectively). Diabetic patients who age 40-60 years old had higher prevalence of periodontal disease than other. And no significant relation was found among smoking, betel nut chewing and periodontal disease. According to the Ottawa Charter set of guiding principles for health promotion was recommended including oral health care. Oral health conditions have a direct influence on elder people’s quality of life and lifestyle, which is interesting for further study.