Journal of Medical Bioscience

Minimally invasive surgery technique inthoracolumbar injuries

2026-01-07T14:33:05+07:00

Thoracolumbar spinal injuries resulting from traumatic events remain a significant clinical challenge, with ongoing debate regarding the most effective treatment approaches. Management strategies include both non-operative and operative interventions, with surgical decision-making guided by neurological status and injury morphology. Historically, surgical treatment was performed via open posterior approaches; however, advancements in technique have introduced anterior and combined approaches, as well as the growing use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Surgical interventions are typically categorized into decompression, instrumentation, and spinal fusion, with selection based on injury type-such as compression, distraction, or translation injuries. The evolution of MIS has led to improved outcomes through reduced blood loss, lower infection rates, shorter hospitalization, faster recovery, decreased complication rates, and enhanced surgical precision. These advancements continue to shape current standards of care in the management of thoracolumbar spinal trauma.

Surgical management and decision making in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture

2025-12-23T09:10:48+07:00

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is a common condition in the elderly. Although it can often be managed conservatively, some patients may experience severe pain, progressive kyphosis, or neurological injury. In these cases, surgical treatment plays a crucial role. Current treatment guidelines, such as those from The German Society of Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU), often use the Osteoporotic Fracture (OF) classification based on fracture morphology to guide decisions between conservative and surgical management and to recommend specific operative techniques. Various surgical modalities exist, including cement augmentation (vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty), posterior instrumentation and fusion, and anterior instrumentation and fusion. However, surgery in osteoporotic patients is highly challenging due to an increased risk of implant failure and pseudarthrosis (non-union). The surgeon’s decision-making is critical. This review article will discuss the various studied surgical techniques and the evidence-based, accepted guidelines for managing patients with OVCF.

Posterolateral tibial plateau fracture

2025-12-23T09:21:33+07:00

Posterolateral tibial plateau fractures are relatively uncommon but are clinically significant due to their impact on knee stability and function. Accurate diagnosis, utilizing radiographic imaging and computed tomography (CT) scans, is essential for characterizing fracture patterns and planning appropriate treatment. Surgical management is considered the mainstay, with various approaches, including the anterolateral approach, posterolateral approach, and posteromedial approach, aimed at providing optimal access to fracture sites while minimizing soft tissue disruption. This article reviews the clinical features, optimal diagnostic methods, surgical strategies, and factors influencing treatment outcomes, such as the importance of anatomic reduction and postoperative rehabilitation. Proper surgical planning and selection of the most appropriate operative technique are critical to achieving optimal restoration of knee function and ensuring successful patient recovery.

Tumor-related pathologic fractures

2025-12-23T09:34:36+07:00

Pathologic fracture is most commonly caused by metastatic bone disease, which has become increasingly prevalent because advances in medical care have prolonged the survival of cancer patients long enough for bone metastasis to occur. Less common causes include primary bone tumors. Accurate diagnosis is a crucial determinant of treatment outcomes, since treating a pathologic fracture in the same manner as a traumatic fracture may result in reoperations and poorer outcomes. Therefore, thorough evaluation to identify the underlying pathology of the bone is necessary before initiating treatment. Management of pathologic fracture consists of conservative treatment, surgery, radiotherapy, and medical treatment. The goal of surgery is to restore patients’ ability to perform daily activities and to relieve pain. Surgical decisionmaking must consider disease factors, prognosis, as well as the location and size of the affected bone. Treating pathologic fracture is a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons, particularly those without subspecialty expertise in orthopaeadic oncology. When treatment limitations exist, referral to a hospital with a multidisciplinary team capable of providing comprehensive care is recommended.

Collective review Meniscus injury: The update 2025

2026-01-07T14:28:07+07:00

This topic focuses on medial meniscus posterior root tears, a condition that has garnered increasing attention due to its association with degenerative knee changes and the potential for early-onset osteoarthritis if left untreated. Biomechanically, a complete medial meniscus root tear mimics the effects of total meniscectomy, leading to impaired hoop stress distribution and accelerated cartilage degeneration. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes. Most cases of medial meniscus root tears occur in conjunction with degenerative changes of the knee, with meniscal extrusion being a common finding on magnetic resonance imaging, reflecting compromised meniscal function. Proper patient selection and a thorough understanding of the natural history of the disease are essential in guiding treatment decisions. Management options include conservative treatment, meniscectomy, meniscus root repair, meniscus reconstruction and techniques aimed at reducing meniscal extrusion. Long-term study suggest that surgical intervention, particularly meniscus root repair, is associated with a lower rate of knee replacement compared to nonoperative management.