Factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in the Nakhon Phanom Province population: a retrospective cohort study
Keywords:
Mortality, Coverage, Factors associated, Vaccine, COVID-19Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the rate of vaccination of the COVID-19 booster dose and the factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in Nakhonhanom Province. The study design utilized was a retrospective cohort study. The population was categorized into two groups: Group 1 included patients diagnosed with COVID-19, totaling 20,888, while Group 2 comprised individuals who had received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccination; totaling 222,106. The data from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022, were utilized for the study and were collected using a data recorded form. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis by multiple logistic regression presented by adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval.
The results showed that Nakhon Phanom Province has a booster vaccination rate of 31.6 percent. Several factors associated with COVID-19 mortality were found to be statistically significant. Non-vaccination was a significant risk factor, with individuals who did not receive the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose being 15.7 times more likely to die from COVID-19 (AOR = 15.7, 95% CI = 4.9-50.0). Those who received only one dose of the vaccine had a 16-fold increased risk of death (AOR = 16.0, 95% CI = 4.8-52.6). Moreover, individuals aged 60 and above were 12.4 times more likely to die than those under 60 (AOR = 12.40, 95% CI = 6.83-22.52). Regarding the presence of seven chronic diseases, individuals with the presence of seven chronic diseases were three times more likely to die from COVID-19 compared to those without these conditions (AOR = 2.95, 95%CI = 1.68-5.17). The study results emphasize the importance of booster vaccinations in reducing mortality rates, as well as identifying key factors associated with COVID-19-related deaths. Both proactive and reactive surveillance measures should be implemented to decrease the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients.
References
Banchongcharoenlert, S. & Chumchuen, P. Case fetal rate and factors associated with deaths due to COVID-19 in DamnoenSaduak Hospital, Ratchaburi Province. Journal of Research for Health Improvement and Quality of Life. 2(1), 25-35. (in Thai)
Bruminhent, J. (2022, October 10). Covid-19 vaccine booster shots. Retrieved June 12, 2023, from https://tmc.or.th/pdf/tmc_knowlege-172.pdf (in Thai)
Chow, N., Fleming-Dutra, K., Gierke, R., Hall, A., Hughes, M., Pilishvili, T. & Ussery, E. (2020). Preliminary estimates of the prevalence of selected underlying health conditions among patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 —United States, February 12-March 28, 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(13), 382-386. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr. mm6913e2
Deng, G., Yin, M., Chen, X., & Zeng, F. (2020). Clinical determinants for fatality of 44,672 patients with COVID-19. Critical Care, 24, 179.
Department of Disease Control (a). (2020, September 1). Standards and guidelines for surveillance, investigation, control, disease and health threat teams 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://ddc.moph.go.th/uploads/publish/1119320210312043053.pdf (in Thai)
Department of Disease Control (b). (2022, December 30). The daily situation of vaccination against COVID-19. Retrieved December 30, 2022, from https://ddc.moph.go.th/vaccine-covid19/diary Report. (in Thai)
Haghpanah, F., Lin, G., Levin, S. A., & Klein, E. (2021). Analysis of the potential impact of durability, timing, and transmission blocking of COVID-19 vaccine on morbidity and mortality. EClinicalMedicine, 35, 100863. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100863.
Kajhonlit, B. & Panthuramphorn, B. (2020). Factors affecting the decision making on Covid-19 vaccination among population in Samutprakarn Province. (Bachelor of Business), Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Kittwat, U. Ratchadaporn, U. Nuntana, P. Chamaiporn, Y. Natthida, S. & Passakorn, O. (2022). Epidemiological of COVID-19 and vaccination at Nakhon Phanom Province. In Faculty of Public Health, KhonKaen University Thailand. The 12th International Conference on Public Health among GMS Countries 2022. (107). KhonKaen. KhonKaen University.
McGoogan J. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China. JAMA, 323(13), 1239-1242.
Meftahi, G. H., Jangravi, Z., Sahraei, H., Bahari, Z. (2020). The possible pathophy siology mechanism of cytokine storm in elderly adults with COVID-19 infection: thecontribution of “inflamm-aging”. Inflammation Research, 69: 825-39.
Ministry of Public Health. (2021, August 1). Guidelines for the administration of COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 1, 2022, from https://ddc. moph.go.th/vaccine-covid19/getFiles/11/1628849610213.pdf. (in Thai)
Ministry of Public Health. (2022, August 15). Knowledge of COVID-19. Retrieved September 1, 2022, from https://ddc.moph.go.th/viralpneumonia/g_km.php. (in Thai)
MOPH Immunization Center. (2023, January 4). Covid-19 Vaccination Coverage. Retrieved January 4,2023, from https://cvp1.moph.go.th/dashboard/. (in Thai)
Mullard A. COVID- 19 vaccine development pipeline gears up. Lancet. 2020; 395(10239): 1751-1752.
Nakhonphanom Provincial Public Health Office. (2023). Manage the COVID-19 situation in Nakhon Phanom Province. The 106th Nakhon Phanom Communicable Disease Committee Meeting.
Paul, E., & Fancourt, D. (2022). Predictors of uncertainty and unwillingness to receive the COVID-19 booster vaccine: An observational study of 22,139 fully vaccinated adults in the UK. Lancet Reg Health Eur, 14, 1-13.
Poovorawan, Y. (2022, January 27). 3rd dose of vaccine is still necessary. Retrieved October 1, 2022, from https://dmh.go.th/news-dmh/view.asp?id=31493. (in Thai)
Thaicharoen, S. Meunrat, S. Koydul, S. & Sangsuwan, L. (2022). Risk factors for mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, Surat Thani province, Thailand. Weekly Epidemiological Surveilance Report, 53(7), 93-101. (in Thai)
Williamson, E. J., Walker, A. J., Bhaskaran, K., Bacon, S., Bates, C., Morton, C. E. & Goldacre, B. (2020). Factors associated with COVID-19- related death using Open SAFELY. Nature, 584(7821), 430–436. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2521
World Health Organization. (2023, January 6) WHO Thailand Weekly Situation Update No. 255. Retrieved September 18, 2023, from https://www.who.int/thailand/news/detail/11-04-2023-the-situation-report-on-covid19
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Public Health and Health Sciences Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The published article is copyrighted by the Journal of Public Health and Health Sciences Research.
The statements that appear in each article in this academic and research journal are the personal opinions of each author and are not related to Naresuan University and other faculty members in the university. Responsibilities regarding each article are the responsibility of each author.
