Pesticide residues in hydroponic vegetables distributed in Mueang District, Phitsanulok province
Keywords:
Pesticide residual, Vegetables, Pesticides, HydroponicAbstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate organophosphate and carbamate pesticide residues in hydroponic vegetables distributed in hydroponic vegetables retailed in Mueang District, Phitsanulok Province using the GT- Pesticide Residual Test Kit of the Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health. A total of 48 study samples were composed of 4 types of hydroponic vegetable sampling; red oak lettuce, green oak lettuce, green cos lettuce, and red coral lettuce, sold in 3 retail stores and 1 hydroponic vegetable farm. The samples were collected from June to September 2021.
The results showed that pesticide residues were not detected in 62.5% of all study samples, and 37.5% were found in the range of safe levels. Moreover, red oak lettuce samples were found at the highest levels of acetylcholinesterase inhibition which accounted for 50.0% of all red oak lettuce samples, an average level of acetylcholinesterase inhibition was 7.61 ± 1.39, followed by green oak lettuce, green cos lettuce, and red coral lettuce samples. green oak lettuce samples were in the range of safe levels at 50.0% of all green oak lettuce samples, with a level of acetylcholinesterase inhibition was 5.79 ± 0.47. green cos lettuce and red coral lettuce samples were found in the range of safe levels at 25.0%, with the levels of acetylcholinesterase inhibition being 1.30 ± 0.14 and 1.31 ± 0.12, respectively. However, the detection of pesticide residues in vegetables may affect human health. Therefore, there should be monitoring and surveillance of pesticide residue to decrease the potential impact on health and consumers.
References
Brand Inside. (2021, February18). Ranking the most popular retail stores. Retrieved February 17, 2022, from https://brandinside.asia/topgrocery-in-thailand/ (in Thai)
Bureau of Information Office of The Permanent Secretary of MOPH. (2019, November 1). The Government Pharmaceutical Organization cares about health, is far from chemical dangers. Producing of pesticide test kits for the consumer safety. Retrieved July 27, 2020, from https://pr.moph.go.th/?url=pr/detail/2/2/133913. (in Thai)
Chowdhury, M. A., Jahan, I., Karim, N., Alam, M. K., Abdur Rahman, M., Moniruzzaman, M. et al. (2014). Determination of carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides in vegetable samples and the efficiency of gammaradiation in their removal. BioMed Research International, 2014, 145159. doi:10.1155/2014/145159
Department of Industrial Works. (2020). Hazardous Substance List. Retrieved August 12, 2020, from http://reg3.diw.go.th/haz/?page_id=1231 (in Thai)
Division of Occupational and Environmental Diseases. (2014). Health effects of pesticides. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from http://envocc.ddc.moph.go.th/contents/view/106. (in Thai)
Malasee, J., Toson, R., Lamee, S., & BoonKhao, L. (2021). Pesticide residues in local vegetables at Bungwai Subdistrict, Warin Chamrap District, Ubon Ratchathani Province. Journal of Safety and Health, 14(2), 208-218. (in Thai)
Niamthong, N. (2018, April 20). Group of chemical insecticides. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from https://www.scimath.org/article-chemistry/item/7835-2018-01-11-01-33-16 (in Thai)
Pakkasama, P., Saisin, S., & Suthin, S. (2016). Detection of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides residues in vegetables in Samutprakarn Province. Huachiew Chalermprakiet Science and Technology Journal, 5(1), 22-30. (in Thai)
Parks, S. (2008). Pesticide residues in hydroponic lettuce. Retrieved September 16, 2021, from https://ausveg.com.au/app/data/technicalinsights/docs/VG07165.pdf
Phitsanulok Provincial Office. (2016, May 20). Briefing of Phitsanulok Province. Retrieved February 16, 2022, from http://www. phitsanulok.go.th/describe55/briefing59.pdf (in Thai)
Poophalee, T., Wongwattanasathien, O., Arparsrithongsakul, S., & Supuntee, M. (2016). Prevalence of pesticide residues in vegetables from markets and supermarkets in MuangDistrict, Maha Sarakham Province. Thai Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 8(2), 399-409. (in Thai)
Ramadan, M. F. A., Abdel-Hamid, M. M. A., Altorgoman, M. M. F., AlGaramah, H. A., Alawi, M. A., Shati, A. A. et al. (2020). Evaluation of pesticide residues in vegetables from the Asir Region, Saudi Arabia. Molecules, 25(1), 205. doi:10.3390/molecules25010205
Skovgaard, M., Encinas, S. R., Jensen, O.C., Andersen, J. H., Condarco, G., & Jors, E. (2017). Pesticide residues in commercial lettuce, onion, and potato samples from Bolivia - A threat to public health? Environmental Health Insights, 11, 1178630217704194. doi:10.1177/1178630217704194
Sungngarm, S., Sakrangkul, K., Krongnut, L., Yuvasavet, K., Chanadee, A., & Hnuploy, K. (2020). Contamination of organophosphate and carbamate residues and methods of washing fresh vegetables in the market, Surat Thani Province: A case study of Pho Wai Fresh market. Journal of Health Science, Thaksin University, 2(1), 1-8. (in Thai)
Tesoriero, L. (2008). Effective management of root diseases in hydroponic lecttuce. Retrieved September 16, 2021, from https://ausveg.com.au/app/data/technical-insights/docs/VG04012_complete.pdf
Thai Health Promotion Foundation. (2017, November 16). Why do we need to eat at least 400 grams of vegetables and fruits? Retrieved July 27, 2020, from http://www.thaihealth.or.th. (in Thai)
Thailand Pesticide Alert Network. (2020, December 7). Thai Pan's 2020 random vegetable test results reinforces that hydroponics vegetables are not safer. Retrieved September 7, 2021, from https://thaipan.org/action/2302. (in Thai)
Thoophom, K., & Chanaphanpakorn, B. (2015). Toxic residue and pesticide residue test kit "GT". Retrieved July 26, 2020, from http://www.gttestkit.com/checking_gt.pdf (in Thai)
Thoophom, G. (2004). GT TestKit. Retrieved September 7, 2021, from http://www. gttestkit.com/intro_quality.htm (in Thai)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Public Health Naresuan University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The published article is copyrighted by the Journal of Public Health and Health Sciences Research.
The statements that appear in each article in this academic and research journal are the personal opinions of each author and are not related to Naresuan University and other faculty members in the university. Responsibilities regarding each article are the responsibility of each author.
