Health risk assessment of indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure at border checkpoint: case study of the 4th Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge (Chiang Khong-Huay Xai), Chiang Rai Province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/dcj.2024.24Keywords:
nitrogen dioxide, passive sampling, indoor air pollution, health risk assessmentAbstract
This research aims to monitor indoor NO2 concentrations at the 4th Thai-Laos Friendship Bridge (Chiang Khong-Huay Xai) border checkpoint in Chiang Rai Province during high season and conduct health risk assessments. The study design is survey research. Indoor NO2 samples were collected by the passive sampling method using a diffusion tube sampler. The area and sampling sites consist of the International Health and Quarantine Office (BC1), Immigration and Customs Checkpoint Arrival (BC2), Immigration Office Arrival (BC3), Immigration Office Departure (BC4), and Immigration and Customs Checkpoint Departure (BC5). The samplings were done from January to April 2023, after 1 week exposure. The mean and median indoor NO2 concentrations at the border checkpoint ranged from 15.1 (SD 2.3) to 88.3 (SD 30.6) µg/m3 and 15.3 to 93.6 µg/m3, respectively. Indoor NO2 concentrations at all sampling sites were significantly different, and the immigration and customs checkpoint arrival site (BC2) had the highest values measured. Additionally, a moderate correlation was found between the indoor NO2 levels and the number of trucks. Non-carcinogenic risk assessments of indoor NO2 exposure were calculated by hazard quotient (HQ). The results showed that the average HQ values of children were higher than those of male and female adults, exceeding 1.0, indicating potential health risks
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