Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Thai population
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/dcj.2020.26Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, risk factor, ThaisAbstract
The number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus has been increasing every year. It was estimated that the number had increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. Diabetes mellitus causes various complications on many organs including heart, vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. This study aimed to evaluate behavioral, social, and physical risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which are considered modifiable. This was a case-control study (1:1) in which 922 case and 997 control Thai subjects aged 35 years and older from 5 regions of Thailand were enrolled. Questionnaires jointly developed by a panel of specialists were used and the data was analyzed as a descriptive study describing the data in frequency and percentage, and as an inferential study using logistic regression and describing as odds ratio. Based on the results of this study, risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus included marriage, low education, having a history of diabetes mellitus among family members, elderly persons, overweight, high systolic blood pressure, low HDL, high triglyceride, and insufficient metabolic equivalent of task (MET). These risk factors could be classified into two main types, i.e. unmodifiable ones such as being elderly persons, and modifiable ones such as insufficient MET and level of education.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. Diabetes [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2018 Nov 24]. Available from: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Thailand [Internet]. Diabetes Association of Thailand under The Patronage of Her Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 21]. Available from: https://www.dmthai.org/index.php/knowledge/for-normal-person/health-information-and-articles/health-information-and-articles-old-2/481-2018-02-05-09-40-68 (in Thai)
Prevalence of diabetes in Thai population age ≥ 15 years by age group, NHES-IV 2009 [Internet]. Diabetes Association of Thailand under The Patronage of Her Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 21]. Available from: http://dmthai.org/index.php/knowledge/the-chart/the-chart-1/550-2018-02-09-00-17-33
Types of Diabetes Mellitus [Internet]. WebMD. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 21]. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/types-of-diabetes-mellitus#1
Roberson P, Fincham F. Is relationship quality linked to diabetes risk and management?: It depends on what you look at. Families, Systems, & Health 2018;36:315-26.
Kim JH, Noh J, Choi JW, Park EC. Association of education and smoking status on risk of diabetes mellitus: a population-based nationwide cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017;14:655.
Kowall B, Rathmann W, Stang A, Bongaerts B, Kuss O, Herder C, et al. Perceived risk of diabetes seriously underestimates actual diabetes risk: the KORA FF4 study. PLOS ONE. 2017;12:e0171152.
Hwang J, Shon C. Relationship between socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes: results from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2012. BMJ Open 2014;4:e005710.
Luo Y, Li J, Zhang J, Xu Y. Low HDL cholesterol is correlated to the acute ischemic stroke with diabetes mellitus. Lipids in Health and Disease 2014;13:171.
Espelt A, Borrell C, Palencia L, Goday A, Spadea T, Gnavi R, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Europe. Gac Sanit 2013;27:494-501.
Volaco A, Cavalcanti A, Filho R, Precoma D. Socioeconomic status: the missing link between obesity and diabetes mellitus?. Current Diabetes Reviews 2018;14:321-6.
Lee Y, Shin M, Nam H, Park K, Choi S, Ryu S, et al. Effect of family history of diabetes on hemoglobin A1c Levels among Individuals with and without diabetes: The Dong-gu study. Yonsei Medical Journal 2018;59:92.
Tsenkova V, Karlamangla A, Ryff C. Parental history of diabetes, positive affect, and diabetes risk in adults: findings from MIDUS. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2016;50:836-43.
Peters S, Yang L, Guo Y, Chen Y, Bian Z, Millwood I, et al. Parenthood and the risk of diabetes in men and women: a 7 year prospective study of 0.5 million individuals. Diabetologia 2016;59:1675-82.
Bullard K, Cowie C, Lessem S, Saydah S, Menke A, Geiss L, et al. Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes in Adults by Diabetes Type - United States, 2016. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2018;67:359-61.
Xu G, Liu B, Sun Y, Du Y, Snetselaar L, Hu F, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes among US adults in 2016 and 2017: population based study. BMJ. 2018;:k1497.
Abdullah A, Peeters A, de Courten M, Stoelwinder J. The magnitude of association between overweight and obesity and the risk of diabetes: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2010;89:309-19.
Hartemink N, Boshuizen HC, Nagelkerke NJD, Jacobs MAM, van Houwelingen HC. Combining risk estimates from observational studies with different exposure cutpoints: a meta-analysis on Body Mass Index and diabetes type 2. American Journal of Epidemiology 2006;163:1042-52.
Wilson P, D’Agostino R, Parise H, Sullivan L, Meigs J. Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2005;112:3066-72.
Wei G, Coady S, Goff D, Brancati F, Levy D, Selvin E, et al. Blood pressure and the risk of developing diabetes in African Americans and Whites: ARIC, CARDIA, and the Framingham Heart Study. Diabetes Care 2011;34:873-9.
Aikens R, Zhao W, Saleheen D, Reilly M, Epstein S, Tikkanen E, et al. Systolic blood pressure and risk of type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. Diabetes 2016;66:543-50.
Emdin CA, Anderson SG, Woodward M, Rahimi K. Usual blood pressure and risk of new-onset diabetes: evidence from 4.1 million adults and a meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:1552-62.
Marott SCW, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Benn M. Components of the metabolic syndrome and risk of type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016;101:3212-21.
7Biesbroeck RC, Albers JJ, Wahl PW, Weinberg CR, Bassett ML, Bierman EL. Abnormal composition of high density lipoproteins in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Diabetes 1982;31:126-31.
Kannel W. Lipids, diabetes, and coronary heart disease: insights from the Framingham study. American Heart Journal 1985;110:1100-7.
Smith A, Crippa A, Woodcock J, Brage S. Physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetologia 2016;59:2527-45.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Articles published in the Disease Control Journal are considered as academic work, research or analysis of the personal opinion of the authors, not the opinion of the Thailand Department of Disease Control or editorial team. The authors must be responsible for their articles.
.png){kind=logo}
